Climate Change Is The State Of New York - 920 Words

Climate change is a significant problem all around world for all species alike but one state that faces great possible endangerment of it is the state of New York. 1 Climate change by definition is the a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels There can be many causes and outcomes of climate change due to its ongoing increase in highly extreme temperatures. 2 Some causes of climate change are natural. These include changes in Earth s orbit and in the amount of energy coming from the sun. Ocean changes and volcanic eruptions are also natural causes of climate change. According to nasa.gov Most scientists say it s very likely that most of the warming since the mid-1900s is due to the burning of coal, oil and gas. Burning these fuels is how we produce most of the energy that we use every day. Thi s burning adds heat-trapping gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the air. The gases are being created causing harm to local states like New York and other states and countries alike are called greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases can cause great effects and conflicts of interest within the environment and ecosystem. Due to the increase in greenhouse gasses and carbon dioxide in atmosphere, the result has caused global temperatures to increase more than 1 degree Fahrenheit causing globalShow MoreRelatedClimate Change ´s Impact on the NY-NJ-PA Part of the US1088 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, the environment issues are becoming more and more serious. The increasing of greenhouse gas emission and pollutions lead to many environment problems related to climate change. The climate change impact our urban life in many aspects. As the biggest metropolitan area in US, New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population about 19,831,858 by year 2012 (U.S. De partment of Commerce, US Census Bureau, 2012) The population has been increased by 1.35% sinceRead MoreClimate Change1617 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The flood hazard in New York City is determined by both storm surges and rising sea levels. I joined model ‘Elevation Points’ with probabilistic sea-level rise projected areas to assess future coastal submersion of New York City. New York is very susceptible to the impacts of sea-level rise, including storm surge and coastal flooding. Many scientist deem man-made creations the cause of changes to the world’s climate and are promoting dramatic swings in the weather, such as, more floods,Read MoreGlobal Warming And The Rising Sea Levels1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthe acknowledgment of rising sea levels. In many climate change and apocalypse movies the rising of the ocean is the downfall of the population of the planet. The topic about the rising sea levels was not always indisputable. When the topic of climate change was first brought up it was mostly known as global warming and connected to the greenhouse effect. The notion of oceans raising above sea level was once widely seen as controversial. New York Times articles from 1980s until now show the developmentRead MoreClimate Change : Should We Be Worried? Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesClimate Change: Should We Be Worried? Global warming is one of the most stressed issues on mainstream media today, behind the war on terror. Although, should we be worried about it? In this annotated bibliography, the sources consider plenty of information about climate, such as, how it affects the earth, possible solutions to the energy problem, and proof that global warming is happening and that it is caused by an excess of CO2 in the atmosphere. For solutions to the problem the sources contemplateRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Climate Change957 Words   |  4 Pages If the issue of global climate change is not addressed properly, it will create enormous economic challenges that will create huge price tags on the global economy; that is why we need to give much attention by proposing international policy because it will bolster cooperation between countries and international organizations by formulating policies for the general good of society. Climate change plays a key role in our day to day activities. The changes in climate will affect our movement, healthRead MoreThe New York City Council1154 Words   |  5 PagesA bill is a proposed legislation that is brought to a legislative body. In the case of the New York City Council, the bill is introduced into the Council at a Stated Meeting and becomes a law after an intricate voting or vetoing process with the Council and the Mayor of New York City (â€Å"Legislative Process†). In the last year, many bills were passed by the New York City Council. While browsing through the list of bills passed in the last year, a bill in particular stood out to me – â€Å"Reducing cityRead MoreHurricane Sandy And Its Effects On The Climate Change981 Words   |  4 PagesHurricanes in movies, such as The Day After Tomorrow, are city destroying monsters that make nightmares come true. While this may be an extreme exaggeration of superstorms, New York has suffered from the destructive force of said superstorms. Three years ago, Hurricane Sandy swep t into New York leaving only devastation in its wake. Sandy, while not nearly as devastating as some hurricanes, was the biggest seen since hurricane Katrina hit in 2005. Whilst Sandy is still called a hurricane, it is actuallyRead MoreGlobal Population And Climate Change1536 Words   |  7 Pageswhether we like it or not† (â€Å"Population Quotes†). This is especially evident in the previous two units of study on population and climate change where I have learned about a variety of global population trends and how climate change has had a notable effect on the planet. There are currently four main trends that have emerged from the current climate and population changes: migration, declining fertility rates, aging and declining population and urbanization (MacPhail). Migration is the movementRead MoreThe World Climate Is Changing1266 Words   |  6 Pagesworld climate is changing, including where we live. Record highs have been recorded in Ohio including minimal inclement weather such as snow. In other major cities located on the coast, are threatened by rising sea levels. 70% of the cities on the coast are dealing with extreme weather like drought and flooding (Biggers). With the recent election of Donald Trump, author Jeff Biggers, an award winning American historian, compared the recent climate affects as doomsday scenarios and the climate haveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Adaptation How Can Cities Be Climate 1208 Words   |  5 PagesKlinenberg article â€Å"Adaptation: How can cities be climate-proofed† Global warming and climate change exist and the two have called for a world attention to reduce their impacts. The Great 8 nations, including U.S., have convened various global summits where heads of states come to debate how to counter the increased climate change. Various recommendations have been proposed to counter the effects of climate change and device ways in which the change can be accommodated. This paper will discuss the

Income Gap Between The Upper Class And The Lower Class

In recent years the way wealth is distributed in the United States has sharply increased, causing an income gap between the upper class and the lower class. The country is becoming a banana republic in which most of the wealth is owned by the top 1%. This small percentage of the population is mainly composed of the entrepreneurs, businessmen, and lawyers. Although the United States is a democracy, in recent years, it has become a plutocracy nation. The wealth inequality plays a major role in this and if this trend between the upper class and the lower class continues it could cause many problems. First of all, having a country run by only a relatively small amount of people could be a concern because the power is in the hands of people at†¦show more content†¦The top 1% grew their incomes by 86.1% since 1933; the top 5%, or 15 million individuals, have seen their incomes rise while everyone else is flat to down†. The wealthy are becoming even wealthier while the bottom 80% haven’t seen any changes in the amount of income they make. Their wages have been in a stagnant position. While those at the top have doubled their incomes. They even have the opportunity to generate more income by investing in other businesses to increase their profits. While those who are at the bottom are minimum wage workers making just enough to support their families. On the hand, the upper-class wealth has more than doubled and the lower class are still financially unstable since the Great Recession. The income inequality plays a major role in turning a nation into a plutocracy. Due to these wealth distributions, there is no doubt that the United States is a plutocratic nation run by the wealthy. On the other hand, income equality has many harmful effects on those who are at the bottom. Since there is a vast gap between the upper class and the lower class it could cause many health related problems. For example, according to the University of York, those who are at the bottom are not only behind in the amount of income they generate, but there is a gap in their life expectancy. The professors from the University of York state, â€Å"Growing health inequality is often portrayed as a result of people’s lifestyleShow MoreRelatedThe Upper Middle Class : Great Impact On The Whole Society868 Words   |  4 Pagesclasses, such as the middle class has three different classes, lower-middle class, middle-middle class, and upper-middle class. Those classes inside a class also represent some kind of social problems as a whole. Recently there has been a hot topic whether the upper middle class has great impact on the whole society. The gap between the upper middle class and the r est of the middleman has become wider and wider because of incomes, education, families, and marriages. Since the gap is widening, it createsRead MoreSocial Inequality And Social Class Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesto the American people. Here in the United States, the current social class system is known as the class system, where families are distributed and placed into three different existing class—the upper class (wealthy), middle class (working), and lower class (poor). Since then, improvisations have been worked on into the class system, establishing now roughly six social classes: upper class, new money, middle class, working class, working poor, and poverty level. Social stratification is a widely commonRead MoreWage Gap Between The Middle Class And The Upper Class1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Wage is a topic that is constantly covered in the media. One big issue is the growing wage gap between the middle class and the upper class. While minimum wage increases are considered a good method to reduce income inequality, they are controversial since many business owners and economists argue that they increase the unemployment rate. Impact of minimum wage on employment One concern that is commonly mentioned during the debate on raising minimum wage is the loss of employment asRead MoreMacroeconomics Research Project : Income Inequality924 Words   |  4 PagesMacroeconomics Research Project: Income Inequality Income Inequality means the uneven income is distributed among individuals in a company, groups in a population, or countries in the world. â€Å"One-fourth of American employees make less than $10 per hour, which is the income that below the Federal poverty level† (Amadeo). Those are the people like cashier, waiters, or fast food clerks. There is a huge gap between rich people and poor people. The rich people are getting richer while the poor peopleRead MoreIncome Inequality and Society1028 Words   |  5 Pages Income Inequality’s affect on Society Income inequality is on the rise and it is evident in most cities throughout the United States. There are individuals with six to seven figure incomes and then there are individuals whose income is just enough to get by. The middle class is not as prominent as the upper and lower class. This should be the other way around. There should not be so many cities with very wealthy neighborhoods right next door to low class, rundown neighborhoods, with little middleRead MoreThe Myth Of Individual Opportunity1306 Words   |  6 Pagesin the lower classes of American society. Notable educators and authors such as Gregory Mantsios and Diana Kendall have brought the problems of American society to attention, claiming that the rich are getting richer and the poor continue to remain poor. In his essay, â€Å"Class in America – 2009,† Mantsios discusses the myths that revolve around class in America, and then refutes these myths by describing the realities of the society Americans live in. Similarly, in her essay, â€Å"Framing Class, VicariousRead MoreRhetorical Strategies Of Richard Reeves s The Dangerous Separation Of The American Upper Middle Class 1060 Words   |  5 PagesDangerous Separation of the American Upper Middle Class Publisher, Richard V. Reeves, in his online article, The Dangerous Separation of the American Upper Middle Class, shares how income, education, and political power has caused a split in the upper middle class. Reeves s purpose is to convey the idea that the upper middle class has shifted from being a sociological curiosity to an economic and political problem. Reeves outlines how the upper middle class that was once considered an accessibleRead MoreAmerica s Income And Wealth Inequality987 Words   |  4 PagesToday in America, income and wealth inequality has continued to grow at an unsettling pace. The rich continue to get richer, while the number of people categorized as lower class grows exponentially. As Joseph Stiglitz has explained, many theories that are seen as strongly Republican, such as the trickle-down effect, has caused the rich to take money from the poor, and as a result the lower class grows and the middle class disintegrates. The top 1 percent of America’s h ouseholds currently holds 30Read MoreWhy We Should Be Stopped Immediately905 Words   |  4 Pagesinequality in wages and income between the upper-class , middle-class and the rest of the country employees , which is usually called one versus ninety-nine percent in the U.S. Inequality in income is also one of the biggest reason for the conflict happens every day because it pushes millions of American to be close the edge or poverty . It can be called as the wide class gap. Based on pewresearch.org : â€Å"In more than thirty years , from 1983 to 2013 , the top five percent and the high class had double theirRead MoreHow Do Members Of The Upper Class Today Modern Western Society Influence The General Population?1275 Words   |  6 PagesHow do members of the upper class in modern Western society influence the general population? Introduction In modern Western societies, the upper class is a social class made up of 1-2 percent of the population that wields the majority of the population’s wealth (Boundless, 2015). It is this 1-2 percent that also has the power to influence the behavior of people in lower social classes, such as the middle and lower class (Boundless, 2015). However, it is how this minority in Western society influences

The Ways in Which Narrative Perspectives Vary in The...

The Ways in Which Narrative Perspectives Vary in The French Lieutenants Woman and Hawksmoor Although there are many different perspectives taken in the two novels that shape the overall theme of each plot, comparisons can be drawn between them to show that they share a few fundamental similarities in the way that the authors present their narrative. By looking at the this presentation, it is possible to extract that the authors share common ground in the role that they take in the novel, the post-modernist way they seem to perceive their own role as a novelist and their perspectives on the theme of time in a novel. These factors combine to suggest that the novels, which have very different stories,†¦show more content†¦Until we start to realise his paranoia, we believe him in his suspicions about Yorick Hays conspiracy and are swayed by his address of him as the serpent Hays. We also get many of his thoughts in italic, like (another giddy son of a whore). The inward perspective that we are given with Dyer also helps us to see aspects of his character like the wa y he, like Charles in The French Lieutenants Woman, is a rebel in the society with his fascination with science and black magic, for which would both have been shunned because the only truth at the time was Christianity. The purpose of this is to show the past through the eyes of someone who lives in the past, like a diary that follows their reports on events. It also allows us to separate the past with Dyer, from the present with Hawksmoor. In the present, Ackroyd is alive to comment on the modern day detective, Hawksmoor, and to a certain extent the third person narrative leaves the readers able to make their own minds up because there is no bias. It also reminds them that they are living alongside Hawksmoor, which enforces the theme of the detective novel because they have to solve the crimes too. As a result, we get a more detached view of Hawksmoors character but we feel that we can trust it more because there is supposedly no bias, (although we are still influenced by Ackroyd) . Finally, Ackroyd also includes an entirely

Jamestown, Virginia, And The United States Of America

Before there were fifty states, there were many different colonies, formed by many different countries and in different regions. Eventually, the settlements were narrowed down to thirteen English colonies. These settlements ultimately became the first thirteen states of the United States of America. This is the story of how they were formed. The first of the thirteen colonies was Jamestown, Virginia. Virginia was was the first successful British settlement in the Americas, colonized in 1607. (Before Jamestown, there was a colony named ‘Roanoke’, in what is now North Carolina. This colony, settled in 1587, was abandoned by 1590, all the colonists having disappeared without a trace) England crossed the Atlantic to establish a permanent colony, as well as to search for riches. Though Jamestown did eventually get their wealth, it was not for the reasons that they originally anticipated. Jamestown was the first colony to start growing tobacco, which they gained a grand profit from. Jamestown, Virginia was also the first colony to start using slaves, beginning in 1619. The settlement of Virginia also had another negative impact besides slavery. When the English first came over from Europe, they brought diseases that the Native Americans’ immune systems were not equipped to deal with. This resulted in a large majority of Native Americans dying off. Thirteen years after Virginia was colonized, the Pilgrims formed the colony of Plymouth. The Pilgrims, who were English,Show MoreRelatedJamestown834 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Shannon Springstead Honors US History 1 09/09/13 Jamestown Jamestown settlement was the first successful establishment when the 13 colonies on North America were founded. In 1606, King James I sent a charter known as the First Charter of Virginia to the Virginia Company in order to assign land rights to colonists. By assigning land rights, King James I had a better grip on propagating the Anglican Religion to the settlers. He also had the intentions of rectifying other countries fromRead MoreJamestown Research Paper1044 Words   |  5 PagesThe Settlement of Jamestown Allison Stoots Ivy Tech University In 2007, the Jamestown settlement celebrated its 400th anniversary. The governing body of Virginia, the Virginia General Assembly, held a session there, a parade was held, and even Dick Cheney and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom attended a ceremony honoring the historic site where English settlers would first find a permanent home in the future United States (Lessig and Payne, 2007). Looking backward, it seemed almost inevitableRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On America1289 Words   |  6 Pagesthose historical events made possible in the future. Without history America would not know where we came from or how we got to where we are today. History helps us as Americans make decisions that could improve our future as a country, because without history to lead us in the right direction we could constantly make the same mistakes over and over again. There are many important times in history that greatly influenced how America has grown into the country we are today. The new colonies were heavilyRead MoreSlavery Was Considered Acceptable And Licit984 Words   |  4 PagesEnslaving a person is an action that is essentially deemed unethical and criminal in many countries, including the United States. However, at one point in American history, the exploitation of slavery was considered acceptable and licit. The existence of slavery was justified by the massive positive benefits reaped by the American economy, particularly in the South from 1619 to 1851 (Horton 7). In an economy so excessively dependent on the use of slaves, the abolition of slavery created fear of severeRead MoreThe Settlement Of Jamestown : A Historic Event1013 Words   |  5 Pagestook place. The settlement of Jamestown happen. Jamestown is located on an island in the James River, hence the name. This was known as the first permanent English settlement in the New World, which was a big deal. This settlement showed that people would be able to live and survive in the United State s. It proved that England could sustain itself even so far from its origin. The settlement of Jamestown was one of the most important historic events to happen in America. England was ready to makeRead MoreThe United States1676 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of the United States is so ingrained into the hearts of Americans that it can be hard to imagine when the home of the brave did not exist. However, the early seventeenth century features the origins of a country no one could imagine at the time. It began with James I issuing a charter to the Virginia Company, known then as the London Company, in 1606, but it progressed from that rough start to become the first permanent English colony in North America, located in Jamestown. New additionsRead MoreVirginia s Key Physical Features1108 Words   |  5 Pagesof the United States of America. It is near West Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Kentucky and the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., which is the District of Columbia. The average elevation of Virginia is 950 feet or 290 meters. Also, Virginia is surrounded by the Potomac River. b. Virginia’s Key Physical Features – The highest point of Virginia is Mount Rogers, which is located at 5,729 feet and the lowest point is Atlantic Ocean. Some of the rivers in Virginia are theRead MoreHow The African s Ideologies Survived Under European Values And State Run Human Oppression774 Words   |  4 Pagesharbor numerous accounts of worldwide and state-run human oppression. The accounts display that the want for labor often influenced the practice of coercion and violence. While reviewing the work of Dr. Delridge, L Hunter in The death of the Negro volume I, 2, and 3 it became clear that a degree of unequal actions molded a form of inferior status that shape the Negro call to freedom songs. To name the weapon with which the colonial United States of America brought about unnecessary sorrow, demandsRead MoreThe British Empire During Colonial America1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe British Empire in Colonial America The colonization of Virginia, Maryland and the Massachusetts Bay corresponds to pivotal points in history that began the formation of our modern day United States of America. In all three of these regions the process of transplantation developed because of the hunger of finding the Northwest Passage and ultimately the search for a get rich-quick-scheme, gold. Besides their initial intentions, other common factors were the shortages of financial resourcesRead MoreThe Impact of the American Civil War869 Words   |  4 Pageswar was an important event in the history of United States. It changed the internal structure of American society and had a greater impact than the revolution. The basis of the civil war was due to slavery. It overthrew the once dominated planter elite politically and its slaveholding class. During early decades of the nineteen-century the planters of American south were not about to follow the path of gradual emancipation that the northern states had raged. The economies of the south and north

Indian Constitution Free Essays

The Constitution of India has some distinct and unique features as compared to other constitutions to the world. As Dr. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Constitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee puts it, the framers had tried to accumulate and accommodate the best features of other constitutions, keeping in view the peculiar problems and needs of our country. The following are the salient features of the Constitution of India. 1. Longest written constitution Indian Constitution can be called the largest written constitution in the world because of its contents. In its original form, it consisted of 395 Articles and 8 Schedules to which additions have been made through subsequent amendments. At present it contains 395 Articles and 12 Schedules, and more than 80 amendments. There are various factors responsible for the long size of the constitution. One major factors was that the framers of the constitution borrowed provisions form several sources and several other constitutions of the world. They have followed and reproduced the Government of India Act 1935 in providing matters of administrative detail. Secondly, it was necessary to make provisions for peculiar problems of India like scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes and backward regions. Thirdly, provisions were made for elaborate centre-state relations in all aspects of their administrative and other activities. Fourthly, the size of the constitution became bulky, as provisions regarding the state administration were also included. Further, a detail list of individual rights, directive principles of state policy and the details of administration procedure were laid down to make the Constitution clear and unambiguous for the ordinary citizen. Thus, the Constitution of India became an exhaustive and lengthy one. (2) Partly Rigid and Partly Flexible The Constitution of India is neither purely rigid nor purely flexible. There is a harmonious blend of rigidity and flexibility. Some parts of the Constitution can be amended by the ordinary law-making process by Parliament. Certain provisions can be amended, only when a Bill for that purpose is passed in each house of Parliament by a majority of the total membership of that house and. by a majority of not less than two-third of the members of that house present and voting. Then there are certain other provisions which can be amended by the second method described above and are ratified by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the states before being presented to the President for his assent. It must also be noted that the power to initiate bills for amendment lies in Parliament alone, and not in the state legislatures. Pundit Nehru expressed in the Constituent Assembly, â€Å"While we want the Constitution to be as solid and permanent as we can make it, there is no permanence in Constitution. There should be certain flexibility. If you make anything rigid and permanent, you stop the nation’s growth, the growth of a living, vital organic people. † 3) A Democratic Republic India is a democratic republic. It means that sovereignty rests with the people of India. They govern themselves through their representatives elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. The President of India, the highest official of the state is elected for a fixed term. Although, India is a sovereign republic, yet it continues to be a member of the Commonwealth of Nations with the British Monarch as its head. Her membership of the Commonwealth does not compromise her position as a sovereign republic. The commonwealth is an association of free and independent nations. The British Monarch is only a symbolic head of that association. 4) Parliamentary System of Government India has adopted the Parliamentary system as found in Britain. In this system, the executive is responsible to the legislature, and remains in power only as long and it enjoys the confidence of the legislature. The president of India, who remains in office for five years is the nominal, itular or constitutional head. The Union Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head is drawn from the legislature. It is collectively responsible to the House of People (Lok Sabha), and has to resign as soon as it loses the confidence of that house. The President, the nominal executive shall exercise his powers according to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers, the real executive. In the states also, the government is P arliamentary in nature. 5) A Federation Article 1 of the Constitution of India says: – â€Å"India, that is Bharat shall be a Union of States. Though the word ‘Federation’ is not used, the government is federal. A state is federal when (a) there are two sets of governments and there is distribution of powers between the two, (b) there is a written constitution, which is the supreme law of the land and (c) there is an independent judiciary to interpret the constitution and settle disputes between the centre and the states. All these features are present in India. There are two sets of government, one at the centre, the other at state level and the distribution of powers between them is quite detailed in our Constitution. The Constitution of India is written and the supreme law of the land. At the apex of single integrated judicial system, stands the Supreme Court which is independent from the control of the executive and the legislature. But in spite of all these essential features of a federation, Indian Constitution has an unmistakable unitary tendency. While other federations like U. S. A. provide for dual citizenship, the India Constitution provides for single citizenship. There is also a single integrated judiciary for the whole country. The provision of All India Services, like the Indian Administrative Service, the India Police Service, and Indian Forest Service prove another unitary feature. Members of these services are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission on an All-India basis. Because these services are controlled by Union Government, to some extent this constitutes a constraint on the autonomy of states. A significant unitary feature is the Emergency provisions in the Indian constitution. During the time of emergency, the Union Government becomes most powerful and the Union Parliament acquires the power of making laws for the states. The Governor placed as the constitutional head of the state, acts as the agent of the centre and is intended to safeguard the interests of the centre. These provisions reveal the centralising tendency of our federation. Prof: K. C. Wheare has rightly remarked that Indian Constitution provides, â€Å"a system of government which is quasi-federal, a unitary state with the subsidiary unitary features†. The framers of the constitution expressed clearly that there exists the harmony of federalism and the unitarism. Dr. Ambedkar said, â€Å"The political system adopted in the Constitution could be both unitary as well as federal according to the requirement of time and circumstances†. We can say that India has a â€Å"Cooperative federalism† with central guidance and state compliance. 6) Fundamental Rights â€Å"A state is known by the rights it maintains†, remarked Prof. H. J. Laski. The constitution of India affirms the basic principle that every individual is entitled to enjoy certain basic rights and part III of the Constitution deals with those rights which are known as fundamental rights. Originally there were seven categories of rights, but now they are six in number. They are (i) Right to equality, (ii) Right to freedom, (iii) Right against exploitation, (iv) Right to freedom of Religion, v) Cultural and Educational rights and vi) Right to constitutional remedies. Right to property (Article-31) originally a fundamental right has been omitted by the 44th Amendment Act. 1978. It is now a legal right. These fundamental rights are justiciable and the individual can move the higher judiciary, that is the Supreme Court or the High Courts, if there is an encroachment on any of these rights. The right to move to the Supreme Court straight for the enforcement of fundamental rights has been guaranteed under Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies). However, fundamental rights in India are not absolute. Reasonable restrictions can be imposed keeping in view the security-requirements of the state. 7) Directive Principles of State Policy A novel feature of the Constitution is that it contains a chapter in the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles are in the nature of directives to the government to implement them for establishing social and economic democracy in the country. It embodies important principles like adequate means to livelihood, equal pay for both men and women, distribution of wealth so as to subserve the common good, free and compulsory primary education, right to work, public assistance in case of old age, unemployment, sickness and disablement, the organisation of village Panchayats, special care to the economically back ward sections of the people etc. Most of these principles could help in making India welfare state. Though not justiciable. These principles have been stated a; â€Å"fundamental in the governance of the country†. ) Fundamental Duties A new part IV (A) after the Directive Principles of State Policy was incorporated in the constitution by the 42nd Amendment, 1976 for fundaments duties. These duties are: i) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; ii) To cherish and follow the noble ideals, which inspired our national struggle for freedom; iii) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; iv) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do o; v) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of woman; vi) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; vii) to protect and improve the natural environments including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures; viii) to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; x) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; x) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of Endeavour and achievement. The purpose of incorporating these duties in the Constitution is just to remind the people that while enjo ying their right as citizens, should also perform their duties for rights and duties are correlative. 9) Secular State A secular state is neither religious nor irreligious, or anti-religious. Rather it is quite neutral in matters of religion. India being a land of many religions, the founding fathers of the Constitution thought it proper to make it a secular state. India is a secular state, because it makes no discrimination between individuals on the basis of religion. Neither it encourages nor discourages any religion. On the contrary, right to freedom of religion is ensured in the Constitution and people belonging to any religious group have the right to profess, practice or propagate any religion they like. 0) An Independent Judiciary The judiciary occupies an important place in our Constitution and it is also made independent of the legislature and the executive. The Supreme Court of India stands at the apex of single integrated judicial system. It acts as protector of fundamental rights of Indian citizens and guardian of the Constitution. If any law passed by the legislature or action taken by the executive contravenes the provisions of the Constitution, they can be declared as null and void by the Supreme Court. Thus, it has the power of judicial review. But judicial review in India constitutes a middle path between the American judicial supremacy in one hand and British Parliamentary supremacy in the other. 11) Single Citizenship The Constitution of India recognises only single citizenship. In the United States, there is provision of dual citizenship. In India, we are citizens of India only, not of the respective states to which we belong. This provision would help in promoting unity and integrity of the nation. How to cite Indian Constitution, Essay examples

Double Entry Journal For “Huckleberry Finn” free essay sample

1. â€Å"I’ve seen it in the books; and so of course that’s what we’ve got to do.† â€Å"But how can we do it if we don’t know what it is?† â€Å"Why blame it all, we’ve got to do it. Don’t I tell you it’s in the books? Do you want to go to doing different from what’s in the books, and get things all muddled up?† (Twain 10). This quote pokes fun at education as Tom Sawyer puts all his faith in a book, even though we know books do not always tell the truth. The boys are willing to take a blood oath and enter into a murderous gang because a book said that is the way to do it. It shows how easily they are influenced by one another and how they lack their own opinion. 2. â€Å"The men took their guns along, so did Buck, and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall. We will write a custom essay sample on Double Entry Journal For â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Shepherdson’s done the same. It was pretty ornery preaching-all about brotherly love, and such-like tiresomeness, (Twain 137). The Grangerfords and Shepherdsons brought their guns to the church where they sat through a sermon preaching of brotherly love. This is a good example of religious satire because the pastor is preaching love whilst his followers are at war with each other. The families seem to be religious, yet ignore all of the teachings and contradict the word of the lord. 3. â€Å"Each person had their own nigger to wait on them- Buck, too. My nigger had a monstrous easy time, because I warn’t used to have anybody do anything for me, but Buck’s was on the jump most of the time.† (Twain 143). Huck is considerably better to slaves than most of the Southerners during this time and thinks of Jim as a good friend. This quote still pokes fun at racism though, showing it’s meaningless but inescapable. Even though Huck is not particularly racist he is still ingrained with the idea that he owns that black man, using the phrase â€Å"my nigger†. 4. â€Å"I am the rightful duke of Bridgewater; and here am I, forlorn, torn from my high estate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Bilgewater, I am the late Dauphin! †¦ Yes, gentleman, you see before you, in blue jeans and misery, the wanderin’, exiled, trampled-on and sufferin’ rightful King of France.† (Twain 162). This is when Huck and Jim pick up two drifters and criminals to ride along with them on their raft. It shows how easily Jim and Huck trust the men that claim to be royalty because they aren’t used to such deception. Jim and Huck are just happy to be in the presence of people they believed were actually important at one time, as they were never important themselves. It isn’t until later that they discover the drifters are lying and feel bad for the scam artists when they come upon them tar and feathered. 5. â€Å"The king he told it all over again on his hands to the duke, and both of them took on about that dead tamer like they’d lost the twelve disciples. Well, if I ever struck anything like it, I’m a nigger. It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race.† (Twain 210). This quote shows that the duke and king have no respect for others and openly deceive grieving people and exploit this to collect the large inheritance. It’s even worse when Huck says if he ever did something like this then he’d be a nigger. Huck has compared Jim to being his equal before yet still views most blacks as inferior. Jim is a much better man the two crooks who completely lack ethics. 6. â€Å"Don’t be no rougher on him than you’re obleeged to, because he ain’t a bad nigger†¦ out crawls this nigger from somewhere, and says he’ll help; and he done it too, and done it very well†¦ and yet he was resking his freedom to do it,† (Twain 352). This is when Tom gets shot and the doctor needs help to remove the bullet from his leg because Tom was getting worse by the minute. It shows that Jim was braver and more honorable than many other men, black or white. Tom had risked everything to save him, and Jim wouldn’t let him die like that; he was willing to give up his freedom to save his friend. I doubt the duke and the king would ever be so kind.

Native American Removal free essay sample

Native American removal is something that is considered a dark period in Ignited States History. Many natives spilled their blood on their land that was taken from them by our American Government, many people then saw it as there right to expand westward (Manifest Destiny) if we didnt take over the land, the Lignite States would most definitely be different. The first major move of the United States government was setting up The Bureau of Indian Affairs. With this as well the US army established an outpost in Oklahoma to prepare for the relocation of the Cherokee and Choctaw robes to the new established Indian Territory.This was all set up in 1824 and really got the ball rolling with Indian removal. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was set up by the department of the interior and their main goal was to oversee the administration and the management of the land set aside for the Natives. The bureau is in fact still around today. The next major force in the migration of the natives was the Indian Removal Act, it was a law passed on May 28, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. This provided the resettlement of Natives west of the Mississippi from 1830-1840.From that time over 60,000 Native Americans migrated. This removal led to many more Indian problems with the United States government. This led to the Seminole Wars that lasted from 1817-1858. Another thing that it led to was the very well known Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears was the forced removal of nearly 20,000 Cherokee from their lands in Georgia and the Carolinas from 1838 to 1839. The discovery of gold in Cherokee land in Georgia was a man factor in the removal of the natives. Many natives undertook the journey to the new lands under severe distress.About 1 5,000 Cherokee died of exposure and disease on the journey to the new land. The Trail of Tears is considered to be one of the most regrettable times in American History. The united States Congress designated the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail in 1987, in honor and memory of all those Cherokee men and women who lost their lives. This was a major turning point in the process of Indian Removal; it was a major sign of things to come. The war between the U. S. Army and the tribe the NZ Pearce was yet another conflict that showed the forced removal of Indians no matter what.Chief Joseph the leader of the NZ Pearce was a very well respected leader born in the Wallow Valley of northeastern Oregon. In 1871 , until the death of his father, he assumed leadership of the non treaty NZ Pearce. White settlers coveted the traditional homeland of these Native Americans, and Joseph, seeking proof of NZ Pearce territorial rights, met with Federal commissioners to discuss a treaty in which the Indians had supposedly ceded their land to the U. S. Government Despite the obvious deceit of the old treaty, President Ulysses S.Grant opened the NZ Pearce lands to settlement and ordered the Native Americans onto reservations. White settlers moved onto the land and committed violence against the Indians. Against his will, Joseph was forced by his tribesmen to fight. Pressed hard by Gene. Oliver Otis Hoards forces, Joseph was convinced that he could not win and began a lengthy withdrawal toward Canada. Pursued by Howard and harassed by many small detachments, Joseph fled toward Canada and thrilled the nation, whose sympathies were with the Native Americans. During the fall of 1877 Joseph led his 500 followers into Montana.In the fighting he showed rare military ensue and great humanity; he refused to make war on women and children, bought his supplies when possible, and allowed no mutilation of bodies. On October 1 , as the NZ Pearce paused to rest at the Bear Paw Mountains just 30 miles from Canada, they were surprised by Cool. N. A. Miles with approximately 600 soldiers. With only 87 warriors, Joseph chose to fight. He would not abandon the children, the women, and the aged. After a 5-day siege, however, he said to Miles and his followers: It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death.Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, will fight no more forever. The 431 remaining NZ Pearce were taken to Kansas and subsequently to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma). There so many of them sickened and died that an aroused American public demanded action. Chief Joseph was moved to Clavicle Reservation in Washington, along with 150 of his followers; the others were returned to Oregon. Joseph made many pleas to be returned to his tribal homeland, but he died on Septet. 21, 1904, and was buried on the Clavicle Reservation. The next major event of the Indian Removal was the worst and the bloodiest also the last. The Massacre at Wounded Knee was a major turning point in native relations with the united States it was a battle fought on December 29, 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota that was the last major encounter between Native Americans and the U. S. Army. The Army had surrounded a village of Alaska Sioux while attempting to disarm a party that had been captured. The accidental discharge Of a firearm led to panic, and the Army opened fire on the village, massacring nearly all its inhabitants.The battle is remembered today as one f the great injustices perpetrated against Native Americans by the U. S. Government. The natives of our country have led a very interesting life once we forced them out of their land. It is something, that I do not think we handled very well, and also think that the real reason we reacted like this is that we were scared. It is common that people who do not know much about a culture tend to be scared of the new things they are encountering. If we just tried to learn and understand, I do not think this would have turned out this way. We would be living among a much greater number of natives today.