A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables

Initial, an energizer part of compost is gotten. This ought not be exceptionally expensive, in light of the fact that we need an innovation that can be utilized by each classification of people.The stock must be adequate to gracefully great victuals to plants for their overwhelming and long life. Another intention which has upheld this examination in manner is to decrease the difficulty of bursting of tropical plants.Research Questions:The concentrate for assembling most current composts for the expansion of vegetables is established on the resulting research questions:- What is the strategy for assembling fertilizers?â Which sustenance is less exorbitant? Which manures can be utilized monetarily and which ones can be utilized by regular  â public. Additionally, regardless of whether these manures gather to the normal needs of customers or not. Theory for the Experiment:Macrobiotic compost is more affordable and will be utilized socially, while then again, tropical plant manure will be increasingly costly and monetarily used.Subjects:To acquire low estimated composts, alloted to a money related gathering. Quality check doled out to the branch of wellbeing. Macrobiotic Fertilizer:Object:To produce an energizer that can be set up in straightforward advances and can be broadly utilized for supporting the development of plants.Elements utilized in the Manufacturing of Macrobiotic Fertilizer:For getting this manure, we require an assortment of limes, seed feast, gypsum, filet and kelp feast.Procedure:Mix the every one of the 4 parts of seed dinners with  ¼ standard limes; presently include  ¼ of gypsum piece in the blend. Ultimately, include  ½ of the dolomitic lime. To acquire the best outcome, a limited quantity of bone blowout ought to likewise be added.Result:By the use of macrobiotic compost on crops, it is inferred that the yield development is a lot more beneficial and quicker than before.â The analysis shows that when the components were purchas ed in mass, the expense was not high, and this item is relied upon to be in more interest in light of its lower costs (Aubrey Vaughn, April 4, 2007).

Absolute Values In Radicals Essays - Elementary Arithmetic, Algebra

Outright Values In Radicals Outright Values in Radicals Outright qualities in radicals is an exceptionally simple idea, when it is aced. Essentially a flat out worth is the positive square base of the whole of the squares of the genuine and nonexistent pieces of an intricate number. An outright worth sign is two straight lines that are place around the type to show that the estimation of the example is a positive number. Supreme worth signs are required when there is an even type inside a radical and when the square is taken the example gets odd. At that point, the odd type is set outside the radical and total qualities signs are set around it. Supreme worth signs are required on the grounds that the example could be a positive or a negative number. X could be negative number and on the off chance that it were raised to an even force, it would get positive. Be that as it may, in the event that somebody would need to locate the square root, the total worth signs would be expected to show that could be a nonnegative worth.

Assessment and Hypothesis about Ethical Eating Sample for Students

Question: Compose an Essay that Explores an Important and Topical Food Issue of your Choice from a Gastronomic Perspective. Answer: Presentation Moral food utilization is considered as a methods through which individuals comprehend and understand distinctive socio-environmental contrasts (Barnett et al., 2005b). Food utilization propensities frequently convinced individuals for socio-environmental changes. In this way, a few people may thought about it just like a piece of the general public, while others think of it as just as a training followed by the elites of the general public. It is troublesome circumstance since on one hand the vast majority of these supposed moral food items (reasonable exchange espresso, unfenced poultry, grass took care of creature protein, characteristic produce and so forth.) are more expensive than the ordinary food things. Also, a large portion of the shopping spaces and restaurants serving these moral food items are as far as anyone knows serve just the socially compelling individuals (Cole, 2008; Guthman, 2008). Conversely, from political and observational perspective an obvious duality between moral or rich and exploitative or poor is troublesome (Hinrichs, 2000; Johnston, 2008). On political premise, it is fishy to make sense of the ethical resources onto monetarily lucky individuals who have better contact with the moral nourishments, an induction that returns with a far fetched convention of morally chastening the minimized inhabitants (Alatas, 1977; Schwartz, 2000). From an exact premise, intelligent people don't have data demonstrating that financially lucky individuals consider profoundly about the moral nourishments, in spite of that reality that they have resources for buy the moral things. Also, we don't think a lot about how less-blessed populaces feel about moral eating, and how they practice it with restricted income. Scholarly musings with respect to the moral food utilization are expanding; anyway they are not appeared in exact examinations (Adams and Raisborough, 2010). From a social view, we consider moral eating as a far reaching social stock as opposed to being a titanic belief system. Evaluation and Hypothesis about Ethical Eating As indicated by Starr, moral food utilization is extensively characterized as people purchasing and utilizing food things and assets not just because of the individual qualities and joys they offer yet in addition attributable to thoughts of good and awful in a moral sense (Starr, 2009). This definition isn't unambiguous as moral utilization can likewise be characterized by issues that have procured open intrigue like nearby cause, natural confirmation, and accommodating treatment of creatures. Now and again, these issues will in general eclipse different subjects related with rural work, yearning, or social equity. The object isn't to decide which use customs are moral or which are not, however to see how moral food customs are shaped by network associations (Johnston and Baumann, 2010). Moral utilization of food isn't just about expending or admission of food, yet rather be appreciated as a social correspondence including different numerous substance (brutality free, reasonable exchange, local/neighborhood, natural and so forth.) just as a method of reasoning interfacing utilization traits of individuals with social and biological change. Notwithstanding all the bases, moral food utilization contains various irregularities (Johnston, 2008; Sassatelli, 2006) and various gatherings think about these logical inconsistencies in various manner. These distinctions regularly cause conflicts in the open area, hence impacting the main recognitions about food utilization (Sassatelli, 2006). Fiscal entertainers likewise assume a noteworthy job in shaping an expansive moral food utilization exchange as they are position themselves to control the collective discourse on moral usage, in this manner set up their conclusion as general standard which all inhabitants ought to follow. The most advantaged focuses in food discussion will in general be normalized and presented as libertarian paying little heed to the auxiliary contrasts in this manner making it hard for the under-favored populace to eat with most extreme skill, delectability and invigorating effect (DeVault, 1991; Johnston and Baumann, 2010). Notwithstanding these ambiguities, showcase investigation as a rule suggest that cost is a fundamental check in the cooperation of moral food utilization since clients which are prepared to dish out to buy moral food things are as often as possible rich, educated and refined (Aldanondo-Oachoa Almansa-Saez, 2009; Diamantopoulos et al., 2003; Govindasamy et al., 1998; Kezis et al., 1998; ODonovan and McCarthy, 2002). Disclosures like these arent stunning at all as the well off purchasers have cash to visit the closest specialty commercial centers, and are successive to the very good quality stores managing such food items (Barnett et al., 2005a; De Pelsmacker et al., 2005; Fotopoulos and Krystallis, 2002; Gracia and Magistris, 2008; Michaelidou and Hassan, 2010; Starr, 2009). The money related advantage can urge introduction to the moral food utilization conversation, with the exception of there are some social segments influencing customers excitement (Brown et al., 2009). Activists, women's activists and food analysts have understood that social viewpoints have influenced the food choices since long time, and that the apportion decision decisions are more prominent than simply the easy cost-benefit method of reasoning (Bourdieu, 1984; DeVault, 1991). Moral food customs is incredibly plagued by method of parts of scholarly resources; they influences what food things are expended notwithstanding being acknowledged by means of various open gatherings, what food items are viewed as new and nearly ungainly, and whether the food speaks to as a urgent spot for brilliant showcase in addition to working of an otherworldly character (Bourdieu, 1984). Information on food political convictions is another significant component of social capital which contains recogn izing what food things are politically worthy and naturally legitimate (Johnston and Baumann, 2010). Since the social place is a significant quality found in the high society and without it the class development is rendered hard. Hence, moral food utilization can work to control social uniqueness and class limits (Bourdieu, 1984; Cole, 2008; Lamont, 1992). Food scientists have reacted against the market-based division of affluent versus minimized food buyers (Adams and Raisborough, 2010; Dolan, 2005). One can't expect that wealthy clients show expanded reflexivity towards socio-natural issues, regardless of the way that they hold extra resources which permit them in visiting the specialty stores (Barnett et al., 2005a; DuPuis and Goodman, 2005; Guthman, 2003). Well-to-do customers are increasingly inclined to get moral staples, in spite of the fact that it stays hazy that they will basically utilize moral use customs that take additional time than riches (Belcher et al., 2007; Roberts, 1996; Star, 2009). All things considered, we just think less about the breaking point or degree which the clients of different open groups obstinately watch the traditions of their utilization inclinations when they go to the superstore (Auger et al., 2003; Beagan et al., 2010). Commonplace appraisal in regards to the moral food usage is limited by the r oute as it assesses sees on moral subjects, yet it cant continually investigate that their activities are because of their disposition or how these issues conflict without breaking a sweat, cost, and decision during their consistently shopping decisions (Adams and Raisborough, 2010). While various examines propose that social class and social setting aid a huge route in framing the moral food utilizations, further exertion is required to see on how these properties plot the moral food utilization rehearses in day by day life (Auger et al., 2003). The social collections and emblematic limits can encourage us in understanding the significances of moral food utilization talk for contrastingly advantaged people. The possibility of social collection can encourage us comprehend the idea of moral utilization, and recognize how the entertainers astutely utilize various segments of exchange in routine presence (Adams and Raisborough, 2010; Lamont, 1992; Swidler, 1986 2001; Tilly, 1993). It is made of a different arrangement of customs, propensities, plans, characteristics, and contemplations. On-screen characters perceive their exercises by utilizing different parts of social indexes (Lamont, 2000; Swidler, 1986 2001). The possibility of social collection which varies topographically and develops continually passes on enthusiasm with respect to how social middle people explicitly draw from the parts of a superior culture to signify their decisions (Bondy and Talwar, 2011), or justify their exercises (Sassatelli and Davolio, 2010). Another social idea that helps with understanding the moral utilization is the possibility of representative constraints, for example the impalpable contrasts that individuals art to characterize things, people, alongside their practices. Limit work incorporates singular orders utilized for consideration and prohibition of individuals in the hypothetical maps, and depicts a system where individuals portray their character in opposition to others by outlining as far as possible (Lamont, 1992). These cutoff points are attracted to separate a person which likewise go about as an image of relationship of gathering. Award on the having a place of the gathering and cutoff points offers a broad objective record (Becker, 1963; Durkheim and Mauss, 1963). At present, this thought is immovably related with Lamonts award whose work compellingly shows the significance of limits (Douglas, 1966; Lamont, 1992 2000; Lamont and Fournier, 1992). These cutoff points can be expansive, however can likewis e make dissimilarity since they are a significant methods by which individuals corner assets, accomplish status, turn away risks or legitimize their social advancement as often as possible regarding character, propensities, predominant way of life, or skills. She examines barely any sorts of delegate limits: social, moral, and financial (Lamont, 1992). The initial two limits are mama

Heavy Metal Music Free Essays

Envision, maybe, being encircled by a huge number of individuals, trusting that the band will come on. You can’t inhale in light of the fact that the individuals are being pressed into you by their neighbors. You are perspiring, attempting to get all of oxygen you can from the air, while others are bouncing around, hitting you as they hang tight for the band. We will compose a custom paper test on Overwhelming Metal Music or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now At long last, the band goes ahead stage and you are energized, and they start with: (play music here). This, is the thing that substantial metal music is about. I have been tuning in to substantial metal music since I was a newborn child. My first CD was Metallica’s Master of Puppets CD that my father let me have. I have looked into numerous substantial metal groups as the years have passed by. I know what you are figuring, what does substantial metal music have to do with me? Indeed, metal music is surrounding you. You can stroll down the road and hear someone’s radio playing it. You can hear it in some rap tunes, such as; â€Å"Bring the Noize† by Public Enemy with Anthrax, and â€Å"Let’s Go† by Trick Daddy who took the introduction of â€Å"Crazy Train† by Ozzy Osbourne, and put a beat over it. You can even hear it in blue grass music from Cross Canadian Ragweed as they took a solo by substantial metal guitarist Dimebag Darrell and put it in their melody, â€Å"Dimebag.† Heavy metal music is one of the most duplicated sorts of music out there. Today I am going to inform you regarding what overwhelming metal truly is, the start of substantial metal, and the effect that overwhelming metal has had on today’s society. To begin with, what is substantial metal music? Dee Snider, the representative of all that is substantial metal, characterizes metal as, â€Å"Drum-beating , bass-blasting , guitar-twisted , and vocalist belting-music.† That is the overall meaning of overwhelming metal. Overwhelming metal unites three sorts of music, blues, hallucinogenic stone, and old style music. Early groups included consoles, or organs, into their music, yet late groups have left from utilizing the console. Overwhelming metal as a rule, however not generally, contains a solitary recipe. A drummer, a bassist, a cadence guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a vocalist, who might possibly play an instrument. With this equation, clearly their music is absolutely founded on the instruments. A substantial metal drummer utilizes a bigger drum arrangement than most other stone types. The artist of the overwhelming metal band is significant, similarly significant as the guitarists. The artists can have an enormous vocal range, similar to that of Ronnie James Dio of the band Rainbow, or they can be smooth like that of James Hetfield of Metallica. The guitarists’ high bending is the way to metal music. This gives it the overwhelming metal â€Å"sound.† Also, in contrast to numerous different sorts of rock, the bassist is critical to the band. It isn't extraordinary to hear a bassist toss in his/her own solo into the melody. In general, the band utilizes exceptionally high volume. The stronger the music, the better. Since you recognize what overwhelming metal is, I will enlighten you concerning its start. The beginning of metal can be extremely confounding. For example, Deena Weinstein, in her book, Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture, acknowledged Black Sabbath for the beginning of substantial metal, however this isn't totally obvious. Carlos M. Pozo, in his book Caucasion Power Blues, composed, â€Å"Blue Cheer’s front of â€Å"Summertime Blues† by Eddie Cochrane, is the primary overwhelming metal song.† â€Å"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida† by Iron Butterfly is another of the most punctual substantial metal melodies. At that point, in 1969, came Black Sabbath. At about a similar time as Sabbath, another enormous metal band rose. This band passed by the name of Led Zeppelin. Despite the fact that these two groups didn't begin overwhelming metal, they carried it to the general population. Sabbath and Zeppelin are two of the most mainstream rock, not to mention overwhelming metal, groups ever. They confronted a lot of analysis from the start, however as more individuals loathed them, others began cherishing them. These individuals were the â€Å"rebels†, the ones that would not like to tune in to their folks since it was their lives, not their parents’. As a result of these â€Å"rebels,† substantial metal’s notoriety has become definitely throughout the years. Despite what their folks stated, they kept purchasing overwhelming metal collections, now and then they even purchased more than expected, regardless of their folks. This started ascent of substantial metal in later years. That is the manner by which overwhelming metal started, presently the time has come to find out about the effect it has had on society. Overwhelming metal has drastically affected society today. As indicated by Encyclopedia Metallica, which is an online site that shows news about Metallica, â€Å"All Metallica collections are restricted in Jordan since papers called them â€Å"satanists† and â€Å"devil-worshipers.† People were tuning in to Metallica and wrecking things around town, so they needed to boycott Metallica. During the ’80s, guardians loathed the overwhelming metal music so much, they chose to attempt to get a notice on the collections. This brought about the Parental Advisory sticker on each unequivocal CD you see today. This isn't the main effect that overwhelming metal music has had. In 1990, substantial metal band, Judas Priest, were sued in light of the fact that the guardians of James Vance, and Ray Belknap accepted that Priest’s music contained subtle prompts that constrained these two men to end it all. It was discovered that these two men were profoundly self-destructive before discovering Judas Priest, hence, Priest were discovered blameless. This is, yet, another circumstance where the guardians despise overwhelming metal so a lot, that they censure the groups for the demise of their youngsters. Unfortunately, this is a repetitive activity taken by the guardians that won't stop until the despise of substantial metal music is gone, which won't occur at any point in the near future. This is the effect that substantial metal has had on society. Overwhelming metal music has been alive since the ’60s. Despite the fact that Black Sabbath are credited with being the primary overall famous overwhelming metal band, they didn't begin it. Substantial metal has gotten very famous since it started, and has changed society from the very beginning. In this way, today you realized what substantial metal music is, about the start of overwhelming metal, and it’s sway on society. Along these lines, I leave you with a statement from AC/DC, â€Å"For those going to shake, we salute you!† The most effective method to refer to Heavy Metal Music, Papers

Calvin and Hobbes essays

Calvin and Hobbes papers Commercialization: A Cheapening of Art Bill Watterson is a man of standards who voices his feelings and upholds them with his activities. This paper spreads out the case of significant worth that commercialization of funnies takes away from the nature of the craftsmanship. Watterson never undermined his vision of how he saw his characters-regardless of whether it implied relinquishing a huge number of dollars and battling coops for a considerable length of time. Wattersons Calvin and Hobbes was a moment achievement, too huge in reality for Wattersons preferring. When he turned into an easily recognized name, his fight with Universal Press Syndicate started. Commercialization is the situation in the comic business. Dolls, mugs, T-shirts, TV kid's shows, these were only a glimpse of something larger when it came to transforming Calvin and Hobbes into a multi-million dollar benefit focus. Wattersons feeling regarding this matter is totally different in regard to different sketch artists, I think authorizing devalues the first creation....nothing dulls the edge of another and smart animation like soaking the market with it (reemst.com 1). He didn't need authorizing or commercialization at all and actually turned down a great many dollars in light of his firm faith in keeping the soul of the comic new. Normally, his organization was not about released this without a battle, and he went through the following five years attempting to keep up author ity over his own creation. In the end, his agreement was re-arranged and his desires regarded. At the point when a visual artist and their organization have a conflict about cash, it is generally in light of the fact that the craftsman needs more, not less. They needed to abuse the comic and get more introduction, popularity, and cash from it. Be that as it may, Watterson made his desires understood to Universal Syndicates; he wouldn't permit Calvin and Hobbes for business use, regardless. On the off chance that they would not keep his desires, he would leave the place of employment. The respectability of the characters was the most significant... <!

Changing Majors

Changing Majors With a large iced coffee in hand, I am going to be very blunt in this post. What you want to be right now, as a high school senior, will likely change. In fact, 80% of college students change their major. Gif from Giphy.com That being said, there is no reason to be afraid of a major change. Changing a major does not always mean a change in career path. To alleviate  some of the stress, here is a personal anecdote: I came into the University of Illinois majoring in Elementary Education, but have always had a passion for language arts, specifically. At the time I applied, there was no such thing as a Middle Grades Education major. I was enrolled in MATH  1o3, a math class required for Elementary Education majors. The class, to say the least, kicked my butt. I knew I had to drop that class. Gif from Giphy.com So I went to my advisor in a panic, not knowing whether I could pass MATH  103 or even stay in Education. It was then that she introduced me to a new major in the College of Education: Middle Grades Education with wait for it a literacy concentration. I quickly changed my major from Elementary Education to Middle Grades Education with concentrations in both Literacy and Social Sciences. Gif from Giphy.com So there I was, fitting into the 80% statistic. The truth is, though, that I was also in a much more fitting major, too. All in all, do not come into college stressing about majors, minors, etc. Take each class one step at a time, find what interests you, and do not fear change: 80% of people change. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Inside Animal Cruelty - Free Essay Example

According to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), there were over 150,000 cases of animal cruelty in 2016. Organizations such as PETA, Animal Justice Project and the Humane Society of the United States have fought hard to protect animals from abuse every day. When we imagine an animal abuser, we probably picture a person who is very angry and violent. When thinking about animal cruelty, we probably imagine an animal being beat to death, neglected, or starved. There are laws to protect animals from these kinds of people because animals deserve respect. No one would be able to witness a local civilian purposely causing harm to his or her pet without alarming authorities, so why dont we hold our government officials to the same expectations? For years, we have been ignoring ongoing issues with animal cruelty within our country. Every day billions of animals are used as trial and errors for scientists, and props for soldiers to build kill confidence. There are more alternatives for these kinds of researches and military training, we should not give people the power to determine life or death, no matter the animal. The U.S. Government is involved in the deaths of more than 100 million animals per year. Organizations like PETA are currently fighting the government and military to prohibit the use of animals in anything that can potentially cause harm to them, including live tissue trauma training, the injection of deadly viruses into our non-human primates, or the horrifying sex experiments on mice and hamsters. These kinds of researches and training have no actual impact on bettering human life. We are simply harming animals for no reason because they are not humans and using them to prevent certain things from causing harm to humans is unreliable due to major biological differences. According to PETA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency legally requires that pesticides are tested on dogs that are locked in inhalation chambers. They are locked up in small metal cages and left to try and escape the poisonous fumes. Their purpose is to ensure that the pesticide will be safe for exposure to h umans, however, according to animal researcher and journalist Dr. Jarrod Bailey, dogs have a major difference from humans being that they obtain cytochrome P450 ?CYP enzymes, which cause the dog to metabolize drugs and intake chemicals differently from any other species. This is not the only pro-animal testing government program, others include the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Department of Transportation and the National Toxicology Program. The biology of every species will be different and using non-human animals to conduct this kind of research will always give unreliable results. According to PETA, almost 4,451 experimental cancer drugs were founded and tested on animals between the year 2003 and 2011. The results of the tests on animals came out successful, however, 93 percent of the drugs failed after the first phase of human clinical trials, proving that we are harming animals for no reason. The U.S. Government is responsible for the deaths of animals in laboratories all over America. Unfortunately, animals are not only abused in labs but also in our military training courses. Live tissue trauma training is a course for soldiers to take in order to build their confidence in killing and torturing and for preparing medics in the Special Ops to react quickly in emergency situations. Billions of goats, pigs, and sometimes non-human primates get their limbs torn off, put on fire, or stabbed and killed by soldiers and this is all happening right now. If you visit tacmedics.com, you will find that they offer military training courses which have packages that are complemented with the inclusion of live tissue training. Our government officials keep forgetting that human beings and non-human beings will always be extremely biologically different. Not to mention, according to PETA, the military has developed high-tech human-like props that accurately represent human anatomy † unlike the animals. Opposers will argue that science has a responsibility to find cures and vaccinations that will better the quality of human life, even if that means sacrificing animals. Somewhere in the past, humans lost all value for animals and nature, so mankind has decided to spend lots of the taxpayers money on research that will never really benefit human life. At Yale University, experimenter Marina Picciotto gathered $10 million in taxpayer money for drugs such as nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, etc. She fed this to her animals and studied the changes in their brain and addiction patterns. Forcing an innocent animal into a life of addiction has no purpose and in no way mimics the suffering of a human addict. We are unwillingly funding these unreliable and pointless studies with money that could be used for drug treatments centers, where we can study addiction in humans and develop strategies for those who desire a drug-free life. There is no doubt that humans have evolved and have taken over. It is now our responsibility to preserve our wildlife and take care of our planet. There are endless alternatives to researching medicine and training military personnel. Technology is progressing, and it is time to put an end to spending government and public funds on causing harm to animals and start utilizing our resources and investing in new and improved technology. For example, a test on rats was performed to see if drugs or chemicals would harm a developing baby and it was only able to detect 60 percent of dangerous substances where a cell-based alternative was found to detect 100 percent of toxic chemicals. Animal testing is animal abuse, lets end it today.

Climate Change Is The State Of New York - 920 Words

Climate change is a significant problem all around world for all species alike but one state that faces great possible endangerment of it is the state of New York. 1 Climate change by definition is the a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels There can be many causes and outcomes of climate change due to its ongoing increase in highly extreme temperatures. 2 Some causes of climate change are natural. These include changes in Earth s orbit and in the amount of energy coming from the sun. Ocean changes and volcanic eruptions are also natural causes of climate change. According to nasa.gov Most scientists say it s very likely that most of the warming since the mid-1900s is due to the burning of coal, oil and gas. Burning these fuels is how we produce most of the energy that we use every day. Thi s burning adds heat-trapping gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the air. The gases are being created causing harm to local states like New York and other states and countries alike are called greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases can cause great effects and conflicts of interest within the environment and ecosystem. Due to the increase in greenhouse gasses and carbon dioxide in atmosphere, the result has caused global temperatures to increase more than 1 degree Fahrenheit causing globalShow MoreRelatedClimate Change ´s Impact on the NY-NJ-PA Part of the US1088 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, the environment issues are becoming more and more serious. The increasing of greenhouse gas emission and pollutions lead to many environment problems related to climate change. The climate change impact our urban life in many aspects. 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Income Gap Between The Upper Class And The Lower Class

In recent years the way wealth is distributed in the United States has sharply increased, causing an income gap between the upper class and the lower class. The country is becoming a banana republic in which most of the wealth is owned by the top 1%. This small percentage of the population is mainly composed of the entrepreneurs, businessmen, and lawyers. Although the United States is a democracy, in recent years, it has become a plutocracy nation. The wealth inequality plays a major role in this and if this trend between the upper class and the lower class continues it could cause many problems. First of all, having a country run by only a relatively small amount of people could be a concern because the power is in the hands of people at†¦show more content†¦The top 1% grew their incomes by 86.1% since 1933; the top 5%, or 15 million individuals, have seen their incomes rise while everyone else is flat to down†. The wealthy are becoming even wealthier while the bottom 80% haven’t seen any changes in the amount of income they make. Their wages have been in a stagnant position. While those at the top have doubled their incomes. They even have the opportunity to generate more income by investing in other businesses to increase their profits. While those who are at the bottom are minimum wage workers making just enough to support their families. On the hand, the upper-class wealth has more than doubled and the lower class are still financially unstable since the Great Recession. The income inequality plays a major role in turning a nation into a plutocracy. Due to these wealth distributions, there is no doubt that the United States is a plutocratic nation run by the wealthy. On the other hand, income equality has many harmful effects on those who are at the bottom. Since there is a vast gap between the upper class and the lower class it could cause many health related problems. For example, according to the University of York, those who are at the bottom are not only behind in the amount of income they generate, but there is a gap in their life expectancy. The professors from the University of York state, â€Å"Growing health inequality is often portrayed as a result of people’s lifestyleShow MoreRelatedThe Upper Middle Class : Great Impact On The Whole Society868 Words   |  4 Pagesclasses, such as the middle class has three different classes, lower-middle class, middle-middle class, and upper-middle class. Those classes inside a class also represent some kind of social problems as a whole. Recently there has been a hot topic whether the upper middle class has great impact on the whole society. The gap between the upper middle class and the r est of the middleman has become wider and wider because of incomes, education, families, and marriages. Since the gap is widening, it createsRead MoreSocial Inequality And Social Class Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesto the American people. Here in the United States, the current social class system is known as the class system, where families are distributed and placed into three different existing class—the upper class (wealthy), middle class (working), and lower class (poor). Since then, improvisations have been worked on into the class system, establishing now roughly six social classes: upper class, new money, middle class, working class, working poor, and poverty level. Social stratification is a widely commonRead MoreWage Gap Between The Middle Class And The Upper Class1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Wage is a topic that is constantly covered in the media. One big issue is the growing wage gap between the middle class and the upper class. While minimum wage increases are considered a good method to reduce income inequality, they are controversial since many business owners and economists argue that they increase the unemployment rate. Impact of minimum wage on employment One concern that is commonly mentioned during the debate on raising minimum wage is the loss of employment asRead MoreMacroeconomics Research Project : Income Inequality924 Words   |  4 PagesMacroeconomics Research Project: Income Inequality Income Inequality means the uneven income is distributed among individuals in a company, groups in a population, or countries in the world. â€Å"One-fourth of American employees make less than $10 per hour, which is the income that below the Federal poverty level† (Amadeo). Those are the people like cashier, waiters, or fast food clerks. There is a huge gap between rich people and poor people. The rich people are getting richer while the poor peopleRead MoreIncome Inequality and Society1028 Words   |  5 Pages Income Inequality’s affect on Society Income inequality is on the rise and it is evident in most cities throughout the United States. There are individuals with six to seven figure incomes and then there are individuals whose income is just enough to get by. The middle class is not as prominent as the upper and lower class. This should be the other way around. There should not be so many cities with very wealthy neighborhoods right next door to low class, rundown neighborhoods, with little middleRead MoreThe Myth Of Individual Opportunity1306 Words   |  6 Pagesin the lower classes of American society. Notable educators and authors such as Gregory Mantsios and Diana Kendall have brought the problems of American society to attention, claiming that the rich are getting richer and the poor continue to remain poor. In his essay, â€Å"Class in America – 2009,† Mantsios discusses the myths that revolve around class in America, and then refutes these myths by describing the realities of the society Americans live in. Similarly, in her essay, â€Å"Framing Class, VicariousRead MoreRhetorical Strategies Of Richard Reeves s The Dangerous Separation Of The American Upper Middle Class 1060 Words   |  5 PagesDangerous Separation of the American Upper Middle Class Publisher, Richard V. Reeves, in his online article, The Dangerous Separation of the American Upper Middle Class, shares how income, education, and political power has caused a split in the upper middle class. Reeves s purpose is to convey the idea that the upper middle class has shifted from being a sociological curiosity to an economic and political problem. Reeves outlines how the upper middle class that was once considered an accessibleRead MoreAmerica s Income And Wealth Inequality987 Words   |  4 PagesToday in America, income and wealth inequality has continued to grow at an unsettling pace. The rich continue to get richer, while the number of people categorized as lower class grows exponentially. As Joseph Stiglitz has explained, many theories that are seen as strongly Republican, such as the trickle-down effect, has caused the rich to take money from the poor, and as a result the lower class grows and the middle class disintegrates. The top 1 percent of America’s h ouseholds currently holds 30Read MoreWhy We Should Be Stopped Immediately905 Words   |  4 Pagesinequality in wages and income between the upper-class , middle-class and the rest of the country employees , which is usually called one versus ninety-nine percent in the U.S. Inequality in income is also one of the biggest reason for the conflict happens every day because it pushes millions of American to be close the edge or poverty . It can be called as the wide class gap. Based on pewresearch.org : â€Å"In more than thirty years , from 1983 to 2013 , the top five percent and the high class had double theirRead MoreHow Do Members Of The Upper Class Today Modern Western Society Influence The General Population?1275 Words   |  6 PagesHow do members of the upper class in modern Western society influence the general population? Introduction In modern Western societies, the upper class is a social class made up of 1-2 percent of the population that wields the majority of the population’s wealth (Boundless, 2015). It is this 1-2 percent that also has the power to influence the behavior of people in lower social classes, such as the middle and lower class (Boundless, 2015). However, it is how this minority in Western society influences

The Ways in Which Narrative Perspectives Vary in The...

The Ways in Which Narrative Perspectives Vary in The French Lieutenants Woman and Hawksmoor Although there are many different perspectives taken in the two novels that shape the overall theme of each plot, comparisons can be drawn between them to show that they share a few fundamental similarities in the way that the authors present their narrative. By looking at the this presentation, it is possible to extract that the authors share common ground in the role that they take in the novel, the post-modernist way they seem to perceive their own role as a novelist and their perspectives on the theme of time in a novel. These factors combine to suggest that the novels, which have very different stories,†¦show more content†¦Until we start to realise his paranoia, we believe him in his suspicions about Yorick Hays conspiracy and are swayed by his address of him as the serpent Hays. We also get many of his thoughts in italic, like (another giddy son of a whore). The inward perspective that we are given with Dyer also helps us to see aspects of his character like the wa y he, like Charles in The French Lieutenants Woman, is a rebel in the society with his fascination with science and black magic, for which would both have been shunned because the only truth at the time was Christianity. The purpose of this is to show the past through the eyes of someone who lives in the past, like a diary that follows their reports on events. It also allows us to separate the past with Dyer, from the present with Hawksmoor. In the present, Ackroyd is alive to comment on the modern day detective, Hawksmoor, and to a certain extent the third person narrative leaves the readers able to make their own minds up because there is no bias. It also reminds them that they are living alongside Hawksmoor, which enforces the theme of the detective novel because they have to solve the crimes too. As a result, we get a more detached view of Hawksmoors character but we feel that we can trust it more because there is supposedly no bias, (although we are still influenced by Ackroyd) . Finally, Ackroyd also includes an entirely

Jamestown, Virginia, And The United States Of America

Before there were fifty states, there were many different colonies, formed by many different countries and in different regions. Eventually, the settlements were narrowed down to thirteen English colonies. These settlements ultimately became the first thirteen states of the United States of America. This is the story of how they were formed. The first of the thirteen colonies was Jamestown, Virginia. Virginia was was the first successful British settlement in the Americas, colonized in 1607. (Before Jamestown, there was a colony named ‘Roanoke’, in what is now North Carolina. This colony, settled in 1587, was abandoned by 1590, all the colonists having disappeared without a trace) England crossed the Atlantic to establish a permanent colony, as well as to search for riches. Though Jamestown did eventually get their wealth, it was not for the reasons that they originally anticipated. Jamestown was the first colony to start growing tobacco, which they gained a grand profit from. Jamestown, Virginia was also the first colony to start using slaves, beginning in 1619. The settlement of Virginia also had another negative impact besides slavery. When the English first came over from Europe, they brought diseases that the Native Americans’ immune systems were not equipped to deal with. This resulted in a large majority of Native Americans dying off. Thirteen years after Virginia was colonized, the Pilgrims formed the colony of Plymouth. The Pilgrims, who were English,Show MoreRelatedJamestown834 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Shannon Springstead Honors US History 1 09/09/13 Jamestown Jamestown settlement was the first successful establishment when the 13 colonies on North America were founded. In 1606, King James I sent a charter known as the First Charter of Virginia to the Virginia Company in order to assign land rights to colonists. By assigning land rights, King James I had a better grip on propagating the Anglican Religion to the settlers. He also had the intentions of rectifying other countries fromRead MoreJamestown Research Paper1044 Words   |  5 PagesThe Settlement of Jamestown Allison Stoots Ivy Tech University In 2007, the Jamestown settlement celebrated its 400th anniversary. The governing body of Virginia, the Virginia General Assembly, held a session there, a parade was held, and even Dick Cheney and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom attended a ceremony honoring the historic site where English settlers would first find a permanent home in the future United States (Lessig and Payne, 2007). Looking backward, it seemed almost inevitableRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On America1289 Words   |  6 Pagesthose historical events made possible in the future. Without history America would not know where we came from or how we got to where we are today. History helps us as Americans make decisions that could improve our future as a country, because without history to lead us in the right direction we could constantly make the same mistakes over and over again. There are many important times in history that greatly influenced how America has grown into the country we are today. The new colonies were heavilyRead MoreSlavery Was Considered Acceptable And Licit984 Words   |  4 PagesEnslaving a person is an action that is essentially deemed unethical and criminal in many countries, including the United States. However, at one point in American history, the exploitation of slavery was considered acceptable and licit. The existence of slavery was justified by the massive positive benefits reaped by the American economy, particularly in the South from 1619 to 1851 (Horton 7). In an economy so excessively dependent on the use of slaves, the abolition of slavery created fear of severeRead MoreThe Settlement Of Jamestown : A Historic Event1013 Words   |  5 Pagestook place. The settlement of Jamestown happen. Jamestown is located on an island in the James River, hence the name. This was known as the first permanent English settlement in the New World, which was a big deal. This settlement showed that people would be able to live and survive in the United State s. It proved that England could sustain itself even so far from its origin. The settlement of Jamestown was one of the most important historic events to happen in America. England was ready to makeRead MoreThe United States1676 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of the United States is so ingrained into the hearts of Americans that it can be hard to imagine when the home of the brave did not exist. However, the early seventeenth century features the origins of a country no one could imagine at the time. It began with James I issuing a charter to the Virginia Company, known then as the London Company, in 1606, but it progressed from that rough start to become the first permanent English colony in North America, located in Jamestown. New additionsRead MoreVirginia s Key Physical Features1108 Words   |  5 Pagesof the United States of America. It is near West Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Kentucky and the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., which is the District of Columbia. The average elevation of Virginia is 950 feet or 290 meters. Also, Virginia is surrounded by the Potomac River. b. Virginia’s Key Physical Features – The highest point of Virginia is Mount Rogers, which is located at 5,729 feet and the lowest point is Atlantic Ocean. Some of the rivers in Virginia are theRead MoreHow The African s Ideologies Survived Under European Values And State Run Human Oppression774 Words   |  4 Pagesharbor numerous accounts of worldwide and state-run human oppression. The accounts display that the want for labor often influenced the practice of coercion and violence. While reviewing the work of Dr. Delridge, L Hunter in The death of the Negro volume I, 2, and 3 it became clear that a degree of unequal actions molded a form of inferior status that shape the Negro call to freedom songs. To name the weapon with which the colonial United States of America brought about unnecessary sorrow, demandsRead MoreThe British Empire During Colonial America1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe British Empire in Colonial America The colonization of Virginia, Maryland and the Massachusetts Bay corresponds to pivotal points in history that began the formation of our modern day United States of America. In all three of these regions the process of transplantation developed because of the hunger of finding the Northwest Passage and ultimately the search for a get rich-quick-scheme, gold. Besides their initial intentions, other common factors were the shortages of financial resourcesRead MoreThe Impact of the American Civil War869 Words   |  4 Pageswar was an important event in the history of United States. It changed the internal structure of American society and had a greater impact than the revolution. The basis of the civil war was due to slavery. It overthrew the once dominated planter elite politically and its slaveholding class. During early decades of the nineteen-century the planters of American south were not about to follow the path of gradual emancipation that the northern states had raged. The economies of the south and north

Indian Constitution Free Essays

The Constitution of India has some distinct and unique features as compared to other constitutions to the world. As Dr. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Constitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee puts it, the framers had tried to accumulate and accommodate the best features of other constitutions, keeping in view the peculiar problems and needs of our country. The following are the salient features of the Constitution of India. 1. Longest written constitution Indian Constitution can be called the largest written constitution in the world because of its contents. In its original form, it consisted of 395 Articles and 8 Schedules to which additions have been made through subsequent amendments. At present it contains 395 Articles and 12 Schedules, and more than 80 amendments. There are various factors responsible for the long size of the constitution. One major factors was that the framers of the constitution borrowed provisions form several sources and several other constitutions of the world. They have followed and reproduced the Government of India Act 1935 in providing matters of administrative detail. Secondly, it was necessary to make provisions for peculiar problems of India like scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes and backward regions. Thirdly, provisions were made for elaborate centre-state relations in all aspects of their administrative and other activities. Fourthly, the size of the constitution became bulky, as provisions regarding the state administration were also included. Further, a detail list of individual rights, directive principles of state policy and the details of administration procedure were laid down to make the Constitution clear and unambiguous for the ordinary citizen. Thus, the Constitution of India became an exhaustive and lengthy one. (2) Partly Rigid and Partly Flexible The Constitution of India is neither purely rigid nor purely flexible. There is a harmonious blend of rigidity and flexibility. Some parts of the Constitution can be amended by the ordinary law-making process by Parliament. Certain provisions can be amended, only when a Bill for that purpose is passed in each house of Parliament by a majority of the total membership of that house and. by a majority of not less than two-third of the members of that house present and voting. Then there are certain other provisions which can be amended by the second method described above and are ratified by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the states before being presented to the President for his assent. It must also be noted that the power to initiate bills for amendment lies in Parliament alone, and not in the state legislatures. Pundit Nehru expressed in the Constituent Assembly, â€Å"While we want the Constitution to be as solid and permanent as we can make it, there is no permanence in Constitution. There should be certain flexibility. If you make anything rigid and permanent, you stop the nation’s growth, the growth of a living, vital organic people. † 3) A Democratic Republic India is a democratic republic. It means that sovereignty rests with the people of India. They govern themselves through their representatives elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. The President of India, the highest official of the state is elected for a fixed term. Although, India is a sovereign republic, yet it continues to be a member of the Commonwealth of Nations with the British Monarch as its head. Her membership of the Commonwealth does not compromise her position as a sovereign republic. The commonwealth is an association of free and independent nations. The British Monarch is only a symbolic head of that association. 4) Parliamentary System of Government India has adopted the Parliamentary system as found in Britain. In this system, the executive is responsible to the legislature, and remains in power only as long and it enjoys the confidence of the legislature. The president of India, who remains in office for five years is the nominal, itular or constitutional head. The Union Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head is drawn from the legislature. It is collectively responsible to the House of People (Lok Sabha), and has to resign as soon as it loses the confidence of that house. The President, the nominal executive shall exercise his powers according to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers, the real executive. In the states also, the government is P arliamentary in nature. 5) A Federation Article 1 of the Constitution of India says: – â€Å"India, that is Bharat shall be a Union of States. Though the word ‘Federation’ is not used, the government is federal. A state is federal when (a) there are two sets of governments and there is distribution of powers between the two, (b) there is a written constitution, which is the supreme law of the land and (c) there is an independent judiciary to interpret the constitution and settle disputes between the centre and the states. All these features are present in India. There are two sets of government, one at the centre, the other at state level and the distribution of powers between them is quite detailed in our Constitution. The Constitution of India is written and the supreme law of the land. At the apex of single integrated judicial system, stands the Supreme Court which is independent from the control of the executive and the legislature. But in spite of all these essential features of a federation, Indian Constitution has an unmistakable unitary tendency. While other federations like U. S. A. provide for dual citizenship, the India Constitution provides for single citizenship. There is also a single integrated judiciary for the whole country. The provision of All India Services, like the Indian Administrative Service, the India Police Service, and Indian Forest Service prove another unitary feature. Members of these services are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission on an All-India basis. Because these services are controlled by Union Government, to some extent this constitutes a constraint on the autonomy of states. A significant unitary feature is the Emergency provisions in the Indian constitution. During the time of emergency, the Union Government becomes most powerful and the Union Parliament acquires the power of making laws for the states. The Governor placed as the constitutional head of the state, acts as the agent of the centre and is intended to safeguard the interests of the centre. These provisions reveal the centralising tendency of our federation. Prof: K. C. Wheare has rightly remarked that Indian Constitution provides, â€Å"a system of government which is quasi-federal, a unitary state with the subsidiary unitary features†. The framers of the constitution expressed clearly that there exists the harmony of federalism and the unitarism. Dr. Ambedkar said, â€Å"The political system adopted in the Constitution could be both unitary as well as federal according to the requirement of time and circumstances†. We can say that India has a â€Å"Cooperative federalism† with central guidance and state compliance. 6) Fundamental Rights â€Å"A state is known by the rights it maintains†, remarked Prof. H. J. Laski. The constitution of India affirms the basic principle that every individual is entitled to enjoy certain basic rights and part III of the Constitution deals with those rights which are known as fundamental rights. Originally there were seven categories of rights, but now they are six in number. They are (i) Right to equality, (ii) Right to freedom, (iii) Right against exploitation, (iv) Right to freedom of Religion, v) Cultural and Educational rights and vi) Right to constitutional remedies. Right to property (Article-31) originally a fundamental right has been omitted by the 44th Amendment Act. 1978. It is now a legal right. These fundamental rights are justiciable and the individual can move the higher judiciary, that is the Supreme Court or the High Courts, if there is an encroachment on any of these rights. The right to move to the Supreme Court straight for the enforcement of fundamental rights has been guaranteed under Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies). However, fundamental rights in India are not absolute. Reasonable restrictions can be imposed keeping in view the security-requirements of the state. 7) Directive Principles of State Policy A novel feature of the Constitution is that it contains a chapter in the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles are in the nature of directives to the government to implement them for establishing social and economic democracy in the country. It embodies important principles like adequate means to livelihood, equal pay for both men and women, distribution of wealth so as to subserve the common good, free and compulsory primary education, right to work, public assistance in case of old age, unemployment, sickness and disablement, the organisation of village Panchayats, special care to the economically back ward sections of the people etc. Most of these principles could help in making India welfare state. Though not justiciable. These principles have been stated a; â€Å"fundamental in the governance of the country†. ) Fundamental Duties A new part IV (A) after the Directive Principles of State Policy was incorporated in the constitution by the 42nd Amendment, 1976 for fundaments duties. These duties are: i) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; ii) To cherish and follow the noble ideals, which inspired our national struggle for freedom; iii) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; iv) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do o; v) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of woman; vi) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; vii) to protect and improve the natural environments including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures; viii) to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; x) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; x) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of Endeavour and achievement. The purpose of incorporating these duties in the Constitution is just to remind the people that while enjo ying their right as citizens, should also perform their duties for rights and duties are correlative. 9) Secular State A secular state is neither religious nor irreligious, or anti-religious. Rather it is quite neutral in matters of religion. India being a land of many religions, the founding fathers of the Constitution thought it proper to make it a secular state. India is a secular state, because it makes no discrimination between individuals on the basis of religion. Neither it encourages nor discourages any religion. On the contrary, right to freedom of religion is ensured in the Constitution and people belonging to any religious group have the right to profess, practice or propagate any religion they like. 0) An Independent Judiciary The judiciary occupies an important place in our Constitution and it is also made independent of the legislature and the executive. The Supreme Court of India stands at the apex of single integrated judicial system. It acts as protector of fundamental rights of Indian citizens and guardian of the Constitution. If any law passed by the legislature or action taken by the executive contravenes the provisions of the Constitution, they can be declared as null and void by the Supreme Court. Thus, it has the power of judicial review. But judicial review in India constitutes a middle path between the American judicial supremacy in one hand and British Parliamentary supremacy in the other. 11) Single Citizenship The Constitution of India recognises only single citizenship. In the United States, there is provision of dual citizenship. In India, we are citizens of India only, not of the respective states to which we belong. This provision would help in promoting unity and integrity of the nation. How to cite Indian Constitution, Essay examples

Double Entry Journal For “Huckleberry Finn” free essay sample

1. â€Å"I’ve seen it in the books; and so of course that’s what we’ve got to do.† â€Å"But how can we do it if we don’t know what it is?† â€Å"Why blame it all, we’ve got to do it. Don’t I tell you it’s in the books? Do you want to go to doing different from what’s in the books, and get things all muddled up?† (Twain 10). This quote pokes fun at education as Tom Sawyer puts all his faith in a book, even though we know books do not always tell the truth. The boys are willing to take a blood oath and enter into a murderous gang because a book said that is the way to do it. It shows how easily they are influenced by one another and how they lack their own opinion. 2. â€Å"The men took their guns along, so did Buck, and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall. We will write a custom essay sample on Double Entry Journal For â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Shepherdson’s done the same. It was pretty ornery preaching-all about brotherly love, and such-like tiresomeness, (Twain 137). The Grangerfords and Shepherdsons brought their guns to the church where they sat through a sermon preaching of brotherly love. This is a good example of religious satire because the pastor is preaching love whilst his followers are at war with each other. The families seem to be religious, yet ignore all of the teachings and contradict the word of the lord. 3. â€Å"Each person had their own nigger to wait on them- Buck, too. My nigger had a monstrous easy time, because I warn’t used to have anybody do anything for me, but Buck’s was on the jump most of the time.† (Twain 143). Huck is considerably better to slaves than most of the Southerners during this time and thinks of Jim as a good friend. This quote still pokes fun at racism though, showing it’s meaningless but inescapable. Even though Huck is not particularly racist he is still ingrained with the idea that he owns that black man, using the phrase â€Å"my nigger†. 4. â€Å"I am the rightful duke of Bridgewater; and here am I, forlorn, torn from my high estate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Bilgewater, I am the late Dauphin! †¦ Yes, gentleman, you see before you, in blue jeans and misery, the wanderin’, exiled, trampled-on and sufferin’ rightful King of France.† (Twain 162). This is when Huck and Jim pick up two drifters and criminals to ride along with them on their raft. It shows how easily Jim and Huck trust the men that claim to be royalty because they aren’t used to such deception. Jim and Huck are just happy to be in the presence of people they believed were actually important at one time, as they were never important themselves. It isn’t until later that they discover the drifters are lying and feel bad for the scam artists when they come upon them tar and feathered. 5. â€Å"The king he told it all over again on his hands to the duke, and both of them took on about that dead tamer like they’d lost the twelve disciples. Well, if I ever struck anything like it, I’m a nigger. It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race.† (Twain 210). This quote shows that the duke and king have no respect for others and openly deceive grieving people and exploit this to collect the large inheritance. It’s even worse when Huck says if he ever did something like this then he’d be a nigger. Huck has compared Jim to being his equal before yet still views most blacks as inferior. Jim is a much better man the two crooks who completely lack ethics. 6. â€Å"Don’t be no rougher on him than you’re obleeged to, because he ain’t a bad nigger†¦ out crawls this nigger from somewhere, and says he’ll help; and he done it too, and done it very well†¦ and yet he was resking his freedom to do it,† (Twain 352). This is when Tom gets shot and the doctor needs help to remove the bullet from his leg because Tom was getting worse by the minute. It shows that Jim was braver and more honorable than many other men, black or white. Tom had risked everything to save him, and Jim wouldn’t let him die like that; he was willing to give up his freedom to save his friend. I doubt the duke and the king would ever be so kind.

Native American Removal free essay sample

Native American removal is something that is considered a dark period in Ignited States History. Many natives spilled their blood on their land that was taken from them by our American Government, many people then saw it as there right to expand westward (Manifest Destiny) if we didnt take over the land, the Lignite States would most definitely be different. The first major move of the United States government was setting up The Bureau of Indian Affairs. With this as well the US army established an outpost in Oklahoma to prepare for the relocation of the Cherokee and Choctaw robes to the new established Indian Territory.This was all set up in 1824 and really got the ball rolling with Indian removal. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was set up by the department of the interior and their main goal was to oversee the administration and the management of the land set aside for the Natives. The bureau is in fact still around today. The next major force in the migration of the natives was the Indian Removal Act, it was a law passed on May 28, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. This provided the resettlement of Natives west of the Mississippi from 1830-1840.From that time over 60,000 Native Americans migrated. This removal led to many more Indian problems with the United States government. This led to the Seminole Wars that lasted from 1817-1858. Another thing that it led to was the very well known Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears was the forced removal of nearly 20,000 Cherokee from their lands in Georgia and the Carolinas from 1838 to 1839. The discovery of gold in Cherokee land in Georgia was a man factor in the removal of the natives. Many natives undertook the journey to the new lands under severe distress.About 1 5,000 Cherokee died of exposure and disease on the journey to the new land. The Trail of Tears is considered to be one of the most regrettable times in American History. The united States Congress designated the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail in 1987, in honor and memory of all those Cherokee men and women who lost their lives. This was a major turning point in the process of Indian Removal; it was a major sign of things to come. The war between the U. S. Army and the tribe the NZ Pearce was yet another conflict that showed the forced removal of Indians no matter what.Chief Joseph the leader of the NZ Pearce was a very well respected leader born in the Wallow Valley of northeastern Oregon. In 1871 , until the death of his father, he assumed leadership of the non treaty NZ Pearce. White settlers coveted the traditional homeland of these Native Americans, and Joseph, seeking proof of NZ Pearce territorial rights, met with Federal commissioners to discuss a treaty in which the Indians had supposedly ceded their land to the U. S. Government Despite the obvious deceit of the old treaty, President Ulysses S.Grant opened the NZ Pearce lands to settlement and ordered the Native Americans onto reservations. White settlers moved onto the land and committed violence against the Indians. Against his will, Joseph was forced by his tribesmen to fight. Pressed hard by Gene. Oliver Otis Hoards forces, Joseph was convinced that he could not win and began a lengthy withdrawal toward Canada. Pursued by Howard and harassed by many small detachments, Joseph fled toward Canada and thrilled the nation, whose sympathies were with the Native Americans. During the fall of 1877 Joseph led his 500 followers into Montana.In the fighting he showed rare military ensue and great humanity; he refused to make war on women and children, bought his supplies when possible, and allowed no mutilation of bodies. On October 1 , as the NZ Pearce paused to rest at the Bear Paw Mountains just 30 miles from Canada, they were surprised by Cool. N. A. Miles with approximately 600 soldiers. With only 87 warriors, Joseph chose to fight. He would not abandon the children, the women, and the aged. After a 5-day siege, however, he said to Miles and his followers: It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death.Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, will fight no more forever. The 431 remaining NZ Pearce were taken to Kansas and subsequently to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma). There so many of them sickened and died that an aroused American public demanded action. Chief Joseph was moved to Clavicle Reservation in Washington, along with 150 of his followers; the others were returned to Oregon. Joseph made many pleas to be returned to his tribal homeland, but he died on Septet. 21, 1904, and was buried on the Clavicle Reservation. The next major event of the Indian Removal was the worst and the bloodiest also the last. The Massacre at Wounded Knee was a major turning point in native relations with the united States it was a battle fought on December 29, 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota that was the last major encounter between Native Americans and the U. S. Army. The Army had surrounded a village of Alaska Sioux while attempting to disarm a party that had been captured. The accidental discharge Of a firearm led to panic, and the Army opened fire on the village, massacring nearly all its inhabitants.The battle is remembered today as one f the great injustices perpetrated against Native Americans by the U. S. Government. The natives of our country have led a very interesting life once we forced them out of their land. It is something, that I do not think we handled very well, and also think that the real reason we reacted like this is that we were scared. It is common that people who do not know much about a culture tend to be scared of the new things they are encountering. If we just tried to learn and understand, I do not think this would have turned out this way. We would be living among a much greater number of natives today.

What is a Mentor Essay Sample?

What is a Mentor Essay Sample?Have you heard the term 'mentor essay samples'? While it is impossible to list all the professionals who can help you out with your studies, you need to have some 'reference' essay samples. These can be anything, from academic journal articles to your resume or even free books.To be honest, as far as we are concerned, there is no substitute for an actual work experience or even an internship. Yet, nowadays we always need to have a formal training, since we cannot even get out of our own beds! As long as the programs and projects of the university are under some limit or condition, the idea of the 'reference' essay samples seems to be more or less irrelevant.The objective of the mentoring is also changing because of the new, different media which are giving people much more access. The internet provides links to university courses and all sorts of information. There are now mentors who can take you as a student and help you to ace your classes. Most of th em do the courses for free.The benefit is that it is easier to find 'reference' essay samples if you have the right pen and paper with you. There are several sites which give access to these links.And more important is that by doing the assignments for free, you will get a chance to hone your analytical skills and also improve your reasoning skills. You also have the choice of choosing a mentor who is very helpful.While it is indeed the easy things to do, you cannot imagine how much hard work and a lot of hard work you can have to put up with. You need to be clear in your mind about your goals and directions. If you want to go for a business degree, then find a mentor who does not require all the components of it.The challenge with a mentor essay samples is that you might not be able to offer anything unique or original. You can only contribute a personal or related idea that the mentor will then recommend to you for a formalization.

Integrated Financial Management Information Systems free essay sample

An FMIS is defined as an information system that tracks financial events and summarizes financial information (Acevedo 2009, USAID report 2008 , Dorotinsky 2003)’. ‘Most organization implement FMIS to improve budget planning and execution by providing timely and accurate data for budget management and decision making (Khemani, 2005)’. According to both Dorotinsky (2003) and Rozner (2008) â€Å"an FMIS is an information system that tracks financial events and summarizes financial information. It supports adequately management reporting, policy decision making, fiduciary responsibilities and the preparation of auditable financial statements’. In its basic form, an FMIS is little more than an accounting system configured to operate according to the needs and specifications of the environment in which it is installed Rodin-Brown (2008).In the public sector, it can also refer to the automating of financial operations that enable governments to plan, execute, and monitor the budget by assisting in the prioritization, execution, and reporting of expenditures, as well as the custodianship and reporting of revenues. We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Financial Management Information Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page FMIS solutions can greatly contribute to the efficiency and equity of government operations. Modern FMIS platforms help governments comply with domestic and international financial regulations and reporting standards and support decentralized operations through centralized Web-based solutions, providing access to a large number of authorized budget users at all levels). An FMIS is a standardized monitoring and reporting system, which consolidates all the information needs of a government into one information database. It facilitates consistent recording and reporting of information, to enable a government to take macro decisions that affect the country as a whole. (Ernest and Young 2014) .As the name FMIS suggest there are and should be, three guiding characteristics for any designed FMIS it should be a management tool, it should provide financial and non-financial information and lastly, it should be a system. (Diamond and Khemani 2005) As a management tool should support the management of change. It must be viewed as an integral part of budget system reform hence not be designed just to meet present requirements, but also to support those needs that are likely to arise as parallel budget reforms are implemented. Secondly, FMIS provides decision-makers and public-sector managers with the information they need to perform their managerial functions. Reform hence not be designed just to meet present requirements, but also to support those needs that are likely to arise as parallel budget reforms are implemented. And lastly it is a system and its role is to connect, accumulate, process, and then provide information to all parties in the budget system on a continuous basis. All participants in the system, therefore, need to be able to access the system and to derive the specific information they require to carry out their different functions. The converse is also true, if the FMIS does not provide the required information that is, has not the right functionality it will not be used and will cease to fulfill its central function as a system.

Hogs and Pigs - Suidae - The Animal Encyclopedia

Hogs and Pigs - Suidae - The Animal Encyclopedia Hogs and pigs (Suidae), also known as suids, are a group of mammals that includes domestic pigs, babirusas, pigs, warthogs, forest hogs, red river pigs, and bushpigs. There are sixteen species of hogs and pigs alive today. Hogs and pigs are stout, medium-sized mammals that have a stocky torso, an elongated  head,  short legs, and small pointed ears. Their eyes are often small and positioned high on the skull. Hogs and pigs have a distinct snout, the tip of which consists of a round cartilaginous disc (called nasal disc) with their nostrils on the end. The nasal disc is attached to muscles that enables pig to move their nose with precision as they sniff their way along the ground foraging for food. Hogs and pigs have an acute sense of smell and a well-developed sense of hearing. Hogs and pigs have four toes on each foot and are therefore classified among the even-toed hoofed mammals. Hogs and pigs walk on their middle two toes and their outside two toes are placed higher on their leg and do not come into contact with the ground when they walk. Hogs and pigs range in size from the pygmy hog (Porcula salvania)- a critically endangered pig that when full grown measures less than 12 inches tall and weighs less than 25 pounds- to the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni)- a bulky suid that grows to more than 3.5 feet tall at the shoulder and weighs in at an impressive 350 pounds or more.  Adult female hogs and pigs and juveniles form groups known as sounders. Adult males either remain solitary or form small bachelor groups. Pigs are not usually territorial and exhibit aggression between individuals during the mating season. Hogs and pigs once inhabited a native range that extended across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Humans introduced domesticated pigs, derived from the species Sus scrofa, to areas throughout the world including North America, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Fossil hogs and pigs occur in the Oligocene in Europe and Asia and in the Miocene of Africa. Diet The diet of hogs and pigs varies among the different species. Many  hogs and pigs  are omnivores but some are herbivores. In general, the diet of  hogs and pigs  includes: Plant material such as grass, leaves, and rootsInvertebrates such as insects and wormsSmall vertebrates such as frogs and mice Classification Hogs and pigs are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Even-toed hoofed mammals Hogs and pigs Hogs and pigs are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Babirusa (Babyrousa) - There are four species of babirusa alive today. Members of this group include the  golden babirusa,  Sulawesi babirusa, Togian babirusa, and  Bola Batu  babirusa. Babirusa  are noted for the long upper canine teeth that, in males, curve back over their face.Warthogs (Phacochoerus) - There are two species of warthogs alive today, the desert warthog and the common warthog. Warthogs inhabit the dry grasslands and scrublands of sub-Saharan Africa.Forest hogs (Hylochoerus) - There is one species of forest hog alive today, the giant forest hog,  Hylochoerus meinertzhageni. The giant forest hog is considered to be the largest wild member of the Suidae. The giant forest hog inhabits woodland habitats in central Africa.Bushpigs and red river hogs (Potamochoerus) - Only two living species belong to this group, the bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) and the red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus). Both species inhabit sub-Saharan Africa.Domestic and wild pigs (Sus) - There are six species of pigs alive today. Members of this group include domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa), Visayan warty pigs (Sus cebifrons), and Philippine warty pigs (Sus philippensis). References Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S.  Animal Diversity. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012. 479 p.Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S, Larson A, lAnson H, Eisenhour D.  Integrated Principles of Zoology  14th ed. Boston MA: McGraw-Hill; 2006. 910 p.

Recent European Foreign Debt Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recent European Foreign Debt Crisis - Essay Example This saw down turn in small areas of financial systems, which ruined the structure entirely. There are a lot of factors that contributed to the recent European financial meltdown. According to some political economists, the European financial meltdown was bound to happen due to the trade policies adopted by the European Union (Jackson 1). In this regard, they argue that European Union is not proactive enough and act after the facts. This means that they provide response only after the situation has already occurred. The question that many people among them economist are asking is, why should the European countries care about the foreign debt crisis? This paper will explore the causes of the recent European sovereign debt crisis, what happened and why it is indispensable for the European countries to care about it. The foreign debt crisis in Europe occurred as a result of a number of factors. This include finance globalization, 2002-2008 easy credit condition which buoyant high-risk b orrowing and lending practices. Others include imbalance in international trade, bubbles of real estates, which have burst since then, slow growth in economy witnessed in 2008 and there after, government expense and revenue fiscal policy choices and bail out methods by nations for troubled banks and bondholders. Other notable causes include assuming private burdens of debts or socializing losses (Duthel 1). The crisis has had a lot of negative impacts to many countries in Europe. Jackson argues that initially, the crisis was viewed by European Union (EU) as a phenomenon of America. However, its devastating effects changed soon after the European countries saw its impact on the country. For instance, the crises led to a sharp decline in economic activities of European countries over a remarkably short time (Duthel 5). The worst being, it led to a sharp decline in global trade, eroding European prospects of trade. This in turn, provided safety regulator for local industries that are r educing their output. It is a mater of fact that many countries depend on trade for economic growth. This is one of the reasons as to why European countries should take stringent measures aimed at preventing such a recurrence in financial crisis. Economists still see sovereign debt crisis as something that is continuing in the European countries (Duthel 22). This has impact negatively on the countries affected since it makes it hard for some of the countries to be able to pay off their government debts without seeking third party assistance. This interferes with the smooth running of these countries and thus needs prevention and control measures to abate it. For instance, in 2009, there was growing fear of sovereign debt crisis among investors. This was because government debt levels were rising at an alarming rate across the globe coupled with government debt downgrading witnessed in some European countries (Jackson 4). The concerns grew from early 2010, calling on the finance mini ster of Europe to approve a package that could help rescue the nations. This culminated to approval of â‚ ¬750 billion for financial stability in Europe and establishing a European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). The concerns also lead to leaders from euro zone signing an agreement in October 2011 and February 2012 aimed at designing measures to help mitigate collapse of European member economies. The agreement signed includes measures requiring banks to make up to 53.5 percent write-off of debts in Greece owed

Special education student placement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special education student placement - Essay Example the students with disabilities attend the same schools as their grade peers in that the education programs seek to serve all the students as a single unit regardless of the needs of individual students. Inclusion classrooms have no major difference with the conventional general classroom with the only notable difference being in the individualized support given to students that require special needs. Inclusion provides a chance to students with disabilities to interact with their non-disabled peers. There are several advantages for adopting this placement over others: This is the exact opposite of the inclusion class, whereby students with disabilities are provided with individualized education programs. This is done in separate classes from other students and, therefore, allows their teachers to work and monitor these students closely (Katz and Mirenda 2002). This is a classroom where students with special needs spend a part of their class time receiving more individualized attention and help away from their general classrooms. In this placement, it is assumed that the students receive primary instructions from the general class while they receive their supplementary instructions from the resource room Katz and Mirenda 2002). Patterns of learning and development- This refers to the student’s academic ability level and needs. Teachers and parents alike should formulate a way in which the student best receives academic information. Cultural and linguistic factors- it is important to avoid stressing students with disabilities may suffer more if placed amongst other people of contradicting culture and language as theirs. It is, therefore, important to consider having their placement in an area or school that has a familiar culture to theirs (Gartner and Lipsky 1987). In order to achieve successful integration of students into the placement programs discussed above, parents and teachers should collaborate to make proper decisions. Factors such as their cultural

Do Stocks in VN30 Basket Follow Weak Form?

Do Stocks in VN30 Basket Follow Weak Form? The research question: Do stocks in VN30 basket follow weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis? PART 1: INTRODUCTION In the investment world, portfolio management refers to actions taken to maximize the return on a portfolio (Investopedia, 2016). Under portfolio management., Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is one of the most important theories that investors should take into consideration if they aim to earn abnormal returns. This hypothesis basically illustrates the relationship between stock price and available information on the stock, which is reflected in three forms including strong form, semi-strong form and weak form. Out of the three patterns, EMH at weak form states that historical prices cannot be used to make predictions about future stock prices. This research paper will examine the weak form EMH in the context of constituent stocks in the VN30 Index an adjusted index of VN-Index (which is the market index of Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange, Vietnam). PART 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Random Walk Theory and Efficient Market Hypothesis The origin of stock market efficiency can be traced back to early twentieth century when Bachelier (1900) proposed his idea about Random Walk Hypothesis. This theory affirms that prices of past, present and even the future have no correlation; in other words, security prices tend to follow randomness and therefore are unpredictable. A few studies around this issue were conducted in 1930s; however, the Random Walk Theory was intensively discussed in the 1960s. Bacheliers work was then reinforced with the introduction of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) by Fama (1970). According to this theory, stocks always trade at their intrinsic values, making it impossible for investors to benefit from stock mispricing i.e. purchase undervalued stocks and sell overvalued stocks. As a result, the only way investors can earn a higher return than the market is by engaging in riskier investments. Nowadays, the Random Walk Theory is referred to as the weak form of EMH, stating that stock prices are random and past events have no influence on the current prices. Meanwhile, it is widely known that technical analysis is the science of using historical price patterns to anticipate future price movements. Hence, according to the weak form of EMH, there is no point in applying technical analysis to predict and beat the market. 2.2 Research studies conducted towards Weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis Many studies have been carried out to investigate the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis, some of which fail to support the weak-form efficiency. Srinivasan (2010) examines the validity of random walk hypothesis for two major stock markets in India, i.e. SP CNX NIFTY and SENSEX, using observations from 1st July 1997 to 31st August 2010. The study applied Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and Phillips-Perron test to point out that characteristics of random walk are not present in Indian stock exchanges; hence, weak form efficiency is rejected in the case of Indian markets. As a result, this provides trading opportunities for investors to earn abnormal returns since they can make predictions about future stock prices. Similarly, Singh et al., (2016) tested the Efficient Market Hypothesis in Carbon Efficient Indices of India, the US, Japan and Brazil by using Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, runs test and autocorrelation test. The results from these statistical tests reveal t hat daily  closing stock prices do not follow random walk in all countries under investigation. This is in line with Nwidobie Adesina (2014), who conclude that Nigerian stock exchange is not efficient in weak form by employing the GARCH autoregressive model. This inefficiency, according to Nwidobie Adesina, may be explained by limited information dissemination in the market, high trading and floatation costs, information hoarding and insider trading, as well as poor implementation of investor protection laws in the country. The rejection of weak form efficiency is also found in other emerging markets, evidenced by the studies of Islam, et al. (2005), Srivastava (2010), Bà ¼yà ¼kÃ…Å ¸alvarci Abdioglu (2011), Haroon (2012) and Agbam (2015). Other studies, on the other hand, show evidence of market efficiency in some economies. Andrianto Mirza (2016) used daily stock price data collected from LQ45 Index, Jakarta Islamic Index and Kompas 100 Index during the period 2013-2014 to examine weak form efficiency in Indonesia. The results from runs test and serial correlation test demonstrate that Indonesia stock market follows weak form efficient pattern. Specifically, the following conclusions are drawn from the study: 1) stock price movement is random; 2) there is no correlations between the stock price movement of the present day and previous days. Andrianto Mirza also suggest that investors use fundamental analysis to react quickly for available information, as well as utilize news from digital media to update market conditions. Further evidence supporting the weak form efficiency of capital markets may lie in the findings of Jiang, et al. (2014), who examined WTI crude oil futures prices from 1983 to 2012. Using bootstra pping technique, the academics confirm the efficiency of crude oil futures market, and state that the market is inefficient only in case of turbulent events, such as the oil price crash in 1985, the Gulf war, and the oil price crash in 2008. 2.3 VN-Index, VN30 Index and VN30 stocks 2.3.1 VN-Index VN-Index is the index used to illustrate price fluctuations of company stocks listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE). The problem is that, VN-Index calculation takes into account all shares outstanding, which include free-float shares and restricted shares. Free-float shares are shares freely available for trading in the market (Standard and Poors, 2016). In contrast, restricted shares are not available for public trading as they are closely held by control group, other publicly traded companies or government agencies (Standard and Poors, 2016). As a result, some stocks such as GAS, VNM, MSN, VCB and BID can largely influence VN-Index due to their large number of restricted shares. 2.3.2 VN30 Index and VN30 stocks The VN30 Index (also known as VN30 Equal Weight Index) was first introduced to the market on February 2012, tracking the performance of the top 30 large-cap liquid stocks on the Ho Chi Minh City stock exchange in Vietnam (Phoenix Capital, 2017). This index can overcome the weaknesses of VN-Index in the following manners: Capitalization values of constituent stocks are based on the number of shares freely traded on the market (free-float); Restrict the excessive influence of a particular stock by setting the capitalization weighed limit of 10%; Among more than 300 stocks listed on HOSE categorized into 11 primary industries, stocks in VN30 basket are present in 9 industries. Moreover, stocks in the VN30 basket represent about 80% of HOSE market capitalization and 60% of HOSE market volume (Dao, 2014). From the advantages above, it can be concluded that VN30 Index can represent the Ho Chi Minh market in terms of industries, market capitalization and liquidity. This makes VN30 Index a quite useful investment instrument for index funds. PART 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Data Collection This research paper employs the quantitative method to investigate the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in the context of Vietnamese background. The study is based on secondary data, which are daily closing prices of stocks included in the VN30 basket. The data are collected from the database of Bao Viet Securities Company a well-known securities firm in Vietnam. It is noted that the VN30 basket is periodically reviewed and adjusted every six months on January and July (Dao, 2014). Since the introduction of VN30 Index in February 2012, the basket has been reviewed and adjusted totally 10 times. For the purpose of this study, not all 30 stocks in the basket are chosen for analysis. Specifically, the stocks selected must meet the criterion of being consecutively included in the basket for the past five years. Put it another way, if stock A is included in the basket for one period but excluded for the next period, stock A will not be considered as the object of this study. This ensures the continuity of the data and fair treatment for all stocks in the basket. After all, only 16 stocks meet the criterion (see Appendix A for the full list of stocks selected). Their closing prices are then collected for the examined period from 06th February 2012 (the first day of VN30 basket) until 20th January 2017 (the end of the latest reviewed period). 3.2 Method of Analysis The data collected are analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20. Particularly, three tests are conducted to determine whether stocks selected are at weak-form efficiency, namely runs test, autocorrelation test and Ljung-Box Q statistic. The runs test is a non-parametric test that is designed to find out whether successive price changes are independent. The test is based on the premise that if a series of a data is random, the observed number of runs in the series should be close to the expected number of runs. In this context, the runs test at 5% significance level is used to test the following hypothesis: H1: Stocks in the VN30 basket follows random walk Meanwhile, autocorrelation (or serial correlation) test measures the correlation coefficient between the stock return at current period and its value in the previous period, whether the correlation coefficients are significantly different from zero. In addition, the Ljung-Box Q (LBQ) statistic examines the joint hypothesis that all autocorrelations are simultaneously equal to zero (that is, the data values are random and independent up to a certain number of lags). In this context, the autocorrelation test and Ljung-Box Q statistic (at 5% level of significance) are employed to test the following hypothesis: H2: There is no correlation between stock prices of today and previous days In short, the combination of tests mentioned above help determine whether 16 selected stocks in the VN30 basket follows weak-form efficiency or not. PART 4: ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS 4.1 Results of Runs test Table 1 shows the results of the runs test based on daily closing stock prices of 16 chosen stocks. Table 1: Results of Runs test STB VIC SSI MSN FPT HAG KDC DPM VNM REE VCB Test Valuea 17.27 55.76 21.53 87.14 45.83 19.23 40.97 33.45 113.55 23.14 34.03 Cases 461 605 651 648 560 425 601 759 547 484 698 Cases >= Test Value 727 583 537 540 628 763 587 429 641 704 490 Total Cases 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 Number of Runs 38 20 41 18 53 8 7 17 12 10 10 Z -32.222 -33.379 -32.139 -33.487 -31.453 -34.042 -34.134 -33.478 -33.840 -33.942 -33.944 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 Runs Test BVH HPG PVD CII GMD Test Valuea 47.31 35.31 48.11 22.33 29.84 Cases 637 660 723 627 594 Cases >= Test Value 551 528 465 561 594 Total Cases 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 Number of Runs 39 8 9 34 43 Z -32.265 -34.071 -33.996 -32.560 -32.044 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 a. Mean Source: IBM SPSSs result, 2017 As can be seen from the above table, the actual number of runs is significantly less than the expected number of runs (total cases), which is evidenced by negative Z-values for all chosen stocks. Furthermore, it is observed that the significant values around the mean of all stocks are 0.000 which is below 0.05 (5% level of significance). This indicates that 16 selected stocks do not follow random walk behaviour, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis H1 which says stocks in the VN30 basket follows random walk. 4.2 Results of Autocorrelation test The results obtained from autocorrelation test and Ljung-Box Q statistic of 16 chosen stocks are presented in Table 2. Table 2: Results of Autocorrelation test and Ljung-Box Q statistic Source: IBM SPSSs result, 2017 As can be observed from Table 2, significant positive autocorrelation (> 0.8) is detected at all 16 lags for all chosen stocks. It is noted that positive autocorrelation suggests predictability of stock prices in the short term, which provides confirmatory evidence that goes against market efficiency (Bà ¼yà ¼kÃ…Å ¸alvarci Abdioglu, 2011). Moreover, evidence from Ljung-Box Q statistic seems to suggest dependence between current stock price and prices of previous periods. It is noticeable that p-values are all equal to zero for all lags on all 16 stocks. Therefore, the Q statistic fail to support the joint null hypothesis that all autocorrelation coefficients from lag 1 to 16 are equal to zero for the observed stocks. Put it another way, the null hypothesis H2 of absence of autocorrelation is strongly rejected for all lags at 5% significance level. 4.3 Interpretation of findings On the basis of empirical results obtained from runs test, autocorrelation test and Ljung-Box Q statistic, both null hypotheses H1 and H2 are rejected. In other words, it can be concluded that 16 chosen stocks in the VN30 basket show no characteristics of weak-form efficiency. The findings of the current study are consistent with those of Truong et al. (2010), Vo Le (2013) and Do et al. (2014) who found that Vietnamese stock market is inefficient in the weak form. In general, the results of this study contradict the Efficient Market Hypothesis (Fama, 1970) and Random Walk Theory (Bachelier, 1900). As noted in the literature review, empirical studies on the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in emerging markets have been thoroughly examined in recent years, as in cases of capital markets in India, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan and Nigeria. Although these studies generate mixed results, most of which suggest that Random Walk characteristic is not a good description of these markets. This study, by investigating a case study in Vietnam, further supports the idea of weak form inefficiency in emerging markets. The rejection of market efficiency in Vietnam have been proven by a number of studies. It seems possible that this inefficiency is due to gaps in Vietnamese financial system. Non-transparency in the disclosure of information, crowding effect and speculation are popular phenomena in Vietnam stock exchanges; thus, stock prices somehow do not reflect companies intrinsic values. These gaps are signals of an underdeveloped financial system (Fry, 1994; Leung, 2009) where asymmetric information, moral hazard and adverse selection are likely to be found (Islam, et al., 2005). As a result, investors are vulnerable to losing a substantial amount of money. Additionally, as Vietnam currently does not have a derivatives market, the investment risk can be more severe for investors. Since weak-form efficiency is not witnessed in this study, one implication of the result is that historical data and patterns may be used to make prediction about future stock prices. In other words, technical analysis might be employed by investors when making investment decisions to help them earn abnormal returns. Furthermore, as this study is based on daily data only, further research can test the Efficient Market Hypothesis by taking into account weekly, fortnightly, monthly, quarterly or yearly data on a longer time horizon. Alternatively, future research studies may investigate the hypothesis in certain industries or different indices in Vietnam. 4.4 Limitations Due to the nature of the research question, there exists some study limitations which can partially affect the results objectivity. First, because of the selection criterion, only 16 out of 30 stocks are chosen for the purpose of the study. Therefore, it is difficult to generalise the findings to the whole VN30 basket since its establishment. Second, precision of data is questionable since some data of closing stock prices are missing in some trading days. As a result, this somehow impacts the accuracy of statistical tests as well as their implications. PART 5: REFLECTION ON THE RESEARCH PROCESS At the beginning of the research process, we realized that portfolio management is a massive area in finance; therefore, narrowing down this topic was critical to our group as it would affect how we could construct individual topics and research questions. However, the familiar topic of each was not in favour of others, which caused conflicts in our discussions. Hence, it was important that we be aware of these conflicts and arrive at a reasonable compromise that is beneficial to the whole group (Hede, 2007; Wu et al., 2013). Eventually, since I had prior experiences of investing in the stock market for three years and had written a dissertation about technical analysis, I received the trust from my fellows when I proposed the topic related to Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). On the one hand, I felt happy to have helped my group figure out the appropriate topic. On the other hand, I was a little bit worried as my group members had little exposure to financial markets. In fact, I ac knowledged that having to work on an unfamiliar area could lower their motivation for the research (Boneva, 2008). When it came to work allocation, some serious issues arose as there was no leader in our group. Because most of the workloads were set by oral agreements without any meeting minutes, everyone was usually vague about their responsibilities. Furthermore, our discussions did not work very well because most of them took place through WhatsApp group rather than face-to-face meetings, leading to frequent distractions from social networks. I feel these problems were really time-consuming and slowed down our groupwork performance. If I had been engaged in a similar project again, I would have nominated myself as the group leader so that I could assign workloads clearly and equally for everyone. I would have also suggested face-to-face meetings in order to have direct conversations with members. This should have brought more efficiency to the group in terms of time and contributions. Another issue that obstructed our groupwork productivity was bad time management of my team members. We all had two deadlines for two reports on the same date, but while I devised plans to finish both of which with adequate efforts, my partners fell into the trap of procrastination. Being rushed for two assignments at the same time was definitely not a good idea as it would negatively affect the performances of both (Peper, et al., 2014). To avoid this situation, we should have drawn up a timeline for the whole group so that everyone could effectively devote their time to each assignment. With regards to literature search and data collection phase, some members in the group seemed to be passive in finding articles and sharing ideas to their peers. They neither knew how to write an adequate literature review nor kinds of online sources they could employ. I feel this was partly due to their lack of background in finance and partly because they had never conducted any formal research studies before. Although this annoyed the rest of group members, we understood that this sometimes could be unavoidable in a multicultural group. We tried to give them as many related articles as possible and instructed them about skim and scan technique in order to pick essential readings. In fact, we should have reported the issue to the tutor from the beginning of the research so that those falling behind could receive additional trainings in research skills. 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Appendix A: List of chosen stocks in the VN30 basket based on the selection criterion No. TICKER COMPANY NAMES 1 STB Sai Gon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank 2 VIC Vingroup Joint Stock Company 3 SSI Sai Gon Securities Incorporation 4 MSN Masan Group Corporation 5 FPT FPT Corporation 6 HAG Hoang Anh Gia Lai Joint Stock Company 7 KDC Kinh Do Corporation 8 DPM PetroVietnam Fertilizer Chemicals Corporation 9 VNM Viet Nam Dairy Products Joint Stock Company 10 REE Refrigeration Electrical Engineering Corporation 11 VCB Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam 12