China Coin and Rabbit Proof

hina Coin and Rabbit Proof Fence Acceptance and understanding of ones get individuality are necessity for a sense of be. In order to feel a sense of inclusion in society, Individuals must have a deep understanding of their own identity. Without an acceptance of their close and belief, Individuals bath face a sense of exclusion from society. In the novel, The chinaware Coin by Allan Baillie, Leah the protagonist refuses to accept her true identity which results in her not feeling a sense of belonging in society. This is contrasted in the film, Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce, in which the protagonist, Molly has a deep understanding of her own/existing Aboriginal culture which assists in her overcoming all barriers and conclusion the place returning to the place where she feels comfortable in. A In The chinaware Coin Leah, the protagonist has accepted her Chinese heritage after several(prenominal) refusals and denials. At the start of the journey, Leah refused to believe in and accept her Chinese Heritage. In the plane, Leah refuses to believe that she was coming shell because she had never been to chinaware before. Leahs acknowledgment of her father, David Waters being English, forced her into thinking that she had no connection with China despite the fact that her generate was Chinese. It is limpid through the internal monologue of Leah when the air hostess welcomes her home but Leah thinks to herself couldnt the woman see? She was not an ABC- Australian born(p) Chinese. Her feeling towards China and the intentions for coming to China are conveyed through another internal monologue by Leah, No, she wasnt leaving home. She was just ducking into a strange and probably unfriendly country to finish what Dad had startedaâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ She only related and employ this journey to her Father but failed to understand the connection her mother had with China. A In Rabbit Proof Fence Mollys rich and deep understanding of her culture and identity helped her overcome all barriers provided against her by the white society†¦. If you necessitate to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper. com

Organizational Focus and Goals Essay

Every organization has a specific set of goals and a differing focus. The only real commonality between them is, and they all strive for success. The focus of an organization will change depending on the needs of the organization and goals are set to attain the focus. Organizational Focus Currently, my organization is focused on doubling our company size in the next five years, growth. We are the second largest manufacturer of our product in the United States. Our overarching goal is to be the number one supplier. My organization understands to achieve this goal, our productivity and profitability depend on making sure all of our employees perform up to their full potential. â€Å"Goal setting is one of the primary tools used by organizations to assist in setting a direction and achieving it.† (Cothran & Wysocki, 2015, para. 1). My organization has set forth many goals some small and some large to obtain. Each goal is a milestone and a stepping stone toward our overarching goal of being number one. Training Needs Training is a central focus right now in my organization. With the size of the company expanding, so does every aspect of it. What this means is that software, tasks, functions, production, processes, and many other areas are all changing. These are just a few to illuminate the need for training. As the organization experiences growth, training is needed to prepare employees to harness the growth that is change. Seasoned employees will need trained in the new software, processes, and even new job duties. Training will keep the wheel of business turning and moving forward to reach the overarching goal, to be number one in the industry. Besides existing employees needing training, with the company expanding its size, this means a lot of new hires will be funneling into all the departments to fill the needs of the organization. These new employees will also need training; however, they will also need to learn the organizational norms, trends, rules, and code of conduct. The new hires will play a vital role in propelling us into the future and meeting our ultimate (overarching) goal. Prioritizing Training The goals set forth by my organization are packaged together to allow for training prior to moving forward. As an example, we rolled out a new software program to meet our needs. This program will take over the current one and move us into position to better keep up with finances as we double our size. The training for the new software was rolled out two months prior to the actual software. The priority of training is relevant to what package is being rolled out. Organizational goals and current focus will significantly impact what training is needed and when it is needed. Specific Training Needs What my organization is doing in regards to prioritizing training is working great. I would not change anything. Prior to something new being rolled out, ample time is given for training. Each new package released has specific training methods attached to bring seasoned employees up to date and introduce new hires. Conclusion The overarching goal is the ultimate goal or where the company wants to be. Training employees according to the ultimate goal will ensure that the workforce is being properly trained to achieve it. If an organization does not keep the overarching goal in mind while prioritizing training, there could be a lapse in training. What this means is that the employees and organizational goals will meet at a crossroads, and the employees will not be prepared. The failure in training will ultimately prevent the organization from reaching the overarching goal. References Blanchard, P.N., & Thacker, J.W. (2007). Employee training and development (3rd Ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Cothran, H.M., & Wysocki, A.F. (2015). Developing Smart Goals for Your Organization. University of Florida IFAS Extension. Retrieved from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe577 Noe, R.A. (2008). Employee training and development (4th Ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Impacts of Wireless Technologies on Education Essay

Abstract Education is can be defined as a reflection of the development of a society and as the foundation stone of the bright future of a nation whether 1st world or 3rd world has undergone drastic changes in the last fifty years. The advancement of the education sector is due to the fact that people have become creative and very innovative and are coming up with various technologies that are creating impacts in all spheres of life and education is no exception. Mind blowing wireless technologies are being developed every year geared to making living easier and more comfortable. Wireless technology has greatly revolutionized the field of education and its importance in learning institutions is noticeable and cannot be ignored. With the introduction of wireless technologies in education system it has become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire  the knowledge. Thus the use of wireless technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable. The aim of this term paper is to explore the importance, the negative and the positive impacts of wireless technology in the education system. The positive impacts of technology on education have been phenomenal; actively using wireless internet and computers and wireless devices such as mobile phones as an effective means of establishing communication has seen educational institutions being able to deal with many issues that were previously not handled with ease due to long distances and geographical limitations or lack of adequate training technologies. Technology has also negatively impacted the education sector for example by creating poor teachers students relationship, as teachers just like students find it easier to share and circulate study materials by using wireless internet as a communication tool. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 5 Importance of Wireless Technology in Education Institutions The need to introduce wireless technology at an early age in life shows the importance of this technology in schools. Since wireless technology is being embraced as a way of life presently and it certain to be the future way of life, it is therefore good if students can obtain knowledge of the technological changes as early as possible. Children learn faster and can adapt to changes relatively easily. If children are trained during their school years, they have greater chances of becoming experts in technology at a later stage in life. Introducing wireless technology early to students is always beneficial in the long run. Since wireless technology is bound to be a part of their future, it is best to introduce them to it during school life as otherwise they will have to struggle learning it later in life. It is advisable to give them a basic idea of the wireless technological changes. The inclusion of wireless technology in the process of learning makes learning an enjoyable activity, thus inviting greater interest from the students. The vast knowledge from all around the world can be better brought about for the students and can be better adapted by them. The administration processes  which involve the official procedures of school can be simplified by the means of wireless technology. School records (the information about all the students and the teachers as well as other school employees) can efficiently be maintained by means of the advanced digital wireless technology such as a digital library system. A digital library system holding school records or a website can be maintained effectively through wireless technology IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 6 Importance of Wireless Technology in the Classroom The importance of using wireless technology in education system especially within the classroom setup is as explained below; Active Participation Students learning through technology use the wireless internet to search for information. They then make their own decisions regarding the information i.e. whether it is relevant or irrelevant. Students have control over how to use or present this information. Thus, one of the main benefits of using technology for classrooms is that unlike a classroom led by a teacher, where students passively receive whatever information the teacher is providing, in tech savvy classrooms, students are active participants. In-depth Knowledge By using the wireless internet technology, obtaining information on all kinds of subjects has become very easy. A student sitting in his classroom can learn how people in a small village in Africa live life. Thus, Internet is a kind of digital library which is at the disposal of a student with just a click. A student can acquire in-depth knowledge on any subject using this vast resource and acquire diverse knowledge in the process. Real life work experience The use of wireless technology in the classroom offers experience to students similar to the working environment such as working in an office. In the wireless technology savvy classrooms, a teacher acts as a facilitator who sets project goals for the students and provides them with the necessary resources and guidelines to reach those goals. The student themselves makes decisions with regards to the design choices, the information they want to use and display, the resources that they will use. In addition, currently, students themselves are very tech savvy IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 7 and may sometimes even know more than the teacher himself. So, there is a constant exchange of information between the students and the teachers. Such an environment prepares a student to work in business organizations in the future. Increased motivation Studies have shown that there is great importance of integrating wireless technology in the classroom. When students are taught through slide shows or by showing digitized films, it makes the lessons very easy and interesting for them. It helps in their learning, at the same time motivates them to attend school every day. Thus, another importance of technology in schools is that it brings down the drop-out rates. Technical skills Students using wireless technologies on a daily basis develop an understanding of the various wireless tools and software. This kind of education prepares the students and makes it easier for them to learn about the various software applications in future. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 8 Importance Of Wireless Technologies On Education Wireless technology plays a vital role in every sphere of life and education is no exception. The advent of this technology has deeply impacted the educational sector and also changed the way we live by impacting different facets of life and redefined living as a whole. Wireless technology has automated many boring manual tasks and also made it possible for many complex and critical processes to be carried out with ease and greater efficiency. Wireless technology has revolutionized the field of education and this importance in schools cannot be ignored. It has made it easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it. The use of wireless technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable. Below are some of the importances of wireless technology. Wireless Technology has made student life easy Student  can use wireless technology to help them express themselves more clearly i.e. they can use much more than just pen and paper to express themselves or present what they have learned. They can use software to make presentations and projects. This makes them more interested in the subject and leads to better retention of information. With technological aids, they can make easy-to-remember notes and a creative presentation of the information they have acquired. It won’t be wrong to say that application of wireless technology has made a student’s life easy. It’s easier for students to carry a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) than carrying big fat books to school. More so an iPad is less bulkier than a pile of notebooks or an eBook reader much lighter than a book. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 9 Wireless Technology has made it easier to store information Wireless gadget that come with extended internal memory or Micro SD cards have enabled better and more robust storage of information. If you weigh chalk, board, books and notebooks against wireless technology, you find that wireless technology can substitute for any and all of these. Wireless technology has replaced chalk and board; the teacher can even use gadgets that can even do the talking sometimes while the teacher takes a step back and lets the presentations ‘speak’. Gadgets such as digital libraries require no physical space and students and teachers sitting in different parts of the world can access the same library at the same time. Compacted memory devices have replaced notebooks and a keyboard and computer mouse are the new writing devices. What may have required hundred pages of a book can be compacted into a tiny memory chip. It can take hours to write, but it takes only seconds to type. Sharing and storing data has become much easier, owing to wireless technology. Wireless Technology has enhanced easy access of information The Internet is a huge information base that can be used an effective tool for acquiring knowledge. Users of the web just key in queries to search engines and are presented with thousands of search results. There are several websites and web directories that offer information on literally  everything in the world. And all this is just a few clicks away. Both teachers and students can benefit from this. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 10 Wireless Technology has eliminated space and time constraints Online education and distance learning have given a new dimension to education and higher learning. Even if students are geographically far away from each other, they can be a part of one classroom virtually i.e. not physically but virtually. Many educational institutes offer online courses, which eliminates time and space constraints in acquiring education. Universities offer online educational programs wherein students can interact with their teachers over the Internet, access reference material from the University website and earn degrees online. Wireless Technology has enhanced teaching and sharing Wireless technology has made education has become more collaborative. With surplus information so easily available to students, they can be a part of the process; they don’t need to remain at the receiving end. Owing to the use of technology, subject experts can come together to formulate courses, design assessments and better the process of teaching. Students who have relocated to different parts of the world are able to seek advice from experts spread across the globe through the use of technologies such as the mobile telephones. Wireless Technology has enhanced teaching Wireless devices offer an interactive audio-visual medium. PowerPoint presentations and animation software can be used to present information in an interactive way. Owing to the audiovisual effects, this way of teaching invites greater interest from students. The method is equally helpful for teachers. Projectors and screens facilitate simultaneous viewing of information by a large number of students. Addressing systems using microphones and speakers make it possible for teachers to reach a larger number of students simultaneously. These teaching aids have led to improvements in student attendance and their attentiveness in class. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 11 Wireless Technology on mutual impact Currently, wireless technology is a part of school and college curricula. Considering the wide range of applications of wireless technology, it is thus necessary for everyone familiarize themselves with this technology. Considering the advantages of Internet technology, it is important for each of us to gain basic knowledge of Internet access and web research. We live in a technology-age and hence, it is important for us to be up-to-date with the latest inventions in the field. With education, we acquire knowledge of the functioning and use of different pieces of technology. And with the application of technology, we can educate ourselves better. This is the impact technology and education has on each other. Education boosts use of technology and technology aids education. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 12 Impacts Of Wireless Technology On Education Technology brings positive or negative impacts depending on how and for what purpose it’s being used. Positive Effects of Wireless Technology on Education Talking in a positive sense, the impact of wireless technology on education has been phenomenal. Using wireless internet and digital computers as en effective medium to establish communication between schools, teachers, students and parents; educational institutes have been able to handle many issues that were previously not handled with ease due to geographical limitations or lack of adequate training technologies. Enhanced Teaching and Learning Technological developments like digital cameras, projectors, mind training software, computers, PowerPoint presentations, 3D visualization tools; all these have become great sources for teachers to help students grasp a concept easily, as learning has become fun and enjoyable for students. They’re able to participate more in the classroom and even teachers get a chance to make their classes more interactive and interesting. The importance of wireless  technology in schools can be understood from the fact that it empowers the educational system and produces better students. Reduced Drop Out Rates Technology has also contributed to the decrease in dropout rates, improvement in student attendance and enhancement in their learning abilities. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 13 Confidence Booster Students being exposed to wireless technological wonders like digital computers and mobile phones, WI-FI internet and learning to operate. This helps them create their own special world and this gives them a feeling of being special. This makes them believe that they stand strong in global competition. Increased Cooperation Amongst Peers A majority of teachers have stated a very surprising fact that introducing wireless technologies in classroom has increased peer to peer interaction. Many students who’re comfortable in handling digital computers come out to lend a helping hand to students, who face problems in working on computers or any other wireless device. The importance of technology in the classroom goes beyond computers and Internet. Increased Knowledge Students who sincerely complete their assignments by referring to the surplus of information available on the Internet are able to develop good analytical and research skills. By referring to a large number of resources, a serious student utilizes his or her common sense and judgment skills to choose the best material and use it as an advantage to complete the project. By getting exposed to numerous ideas for their assignments and the creative ways to finish them, students develop excellent research abilities. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 14 No Geographical Limitations Wireless technologies have made it possible for the adoption of online degree programs offered both locally and  internationally. Students don’t have to be present physically in the classroom to acquire degree. Distance learning and online education has become an integral part of the education system nowadays. These online courses can be of great advantage to those students who are far away from these institutions of higher learning. Negative Effects of Technology on Education Poor Teacher – Student Relationship Wireless technologies don’t encourage strong teacher-student relationship. Students using wireless technologies tend to behave badly towards their teachers especially when it comes to communication since there are not one on one. Teacher – student interaction is something that is vital to understand intricate topics. The trend of blackboards wherein, teachers post online notes, lectures, assignments and other information has cultivated the habit of skipping college lectures amongst students. The use of the internet has made students disorganized and impatient. A lot of copying and pasting of information is done so that they can finish their assignment. Use of the school’s library is no longer relevant as searching for information from books or even online library facilities seems to be an overwhelming task for students. Its been observed that students are not productively utilizing technology for their growth. Students also don’t seek the teacher’s advice on difficult questions or about a difficult subject. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 15 Increasing Incidents of Cheating Wireless technological developments like graphing calculators, high tech mobile phones, high tech digital watches, mini cameras and similar equipment have become great sources to cheat in exams. It has now become easier for students to write formulas and notes on graphing calculators, with least chances of being caught. Lack of Focus Short Message Service (SMS) or text messaging has become a favorite pastime of many students. Students are seen playing with their cell phone, iPhones day and night, right from crossing a street, or driving and very often even between lectures. Students being everconnected to the internet world have View as multi-pages

Buddhism1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buddhism1 - Essay Example Thirdly, I was surprised to learn that Buddhism to a certain extent is a rebel religion. I never thought that it is important to engage the analysis of Hinduism which is the dominant spiritual tradition in the area when it comes to understanding the true meaning of the religion in question. The part of the text which dealt with four noble truths as well as eightfold path was extremely informative for me since it contained a brief summary of the Buddhist teaching and allowed me to learn the fundamental concepts of it in a short period of time. Finally, having read the text, I think that there is a great future ahead Buddhism. Indeed, while other religions are primarily based on some miracles and encourage people to look outside for the answers, Buddhism argues that all the answers are inside. I believe that numerous people around the world would find the tenets of this spiritual tradition quite interesting and will be willing to incorporate it into their

Trade patterns in China and Hong Kong Research Paper

Trade patterns in China and Hong Kong - Research Paper Example (National Council on Economic Education) But some countries like Hong Kong plays an intermediation role for the trade of land lock countries such as China. Hong Kong acts as an entrepot for China. Hong Kong supplies semi-manufacturing goods as well as raw materials to Mainland China by importing from rest of the world. In exchange, it re-exports the manufactured goods from China to rest of the countries of the world. (Schoen, 2010) The two basic theories of trade flows are the absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Absolute advantage believes that a country should only produce those things which it can by using least possible resources. The absolute advantage China has in comparison to Hong Kong is China’s low-paid workers who are very beneficial in production of labor-intensive goods. Hong Kong comparatively have high cost of living due to which people of Hong Kong are hardworking. However, sometimes the effects of comparative advantage theory outweigh Absolute advanta ge as countries focus on goods with least opportunity goods as mentioned above. In this situation, a country with a comparative advantage can export same goods to a country in which the later country have an absolute advantage. Hong Kong does have a major comparative advantage over Mainland China in Publishing Industry, Demonstration Industry, Cultural Experience tourism industry and Child rearing industry. (Liu) China, being the leader of low-priced manufactured goods obviously does have a comparative advantage over Hong Kong because of its cheap labor. These labor-intensive processed goods allow China to produce almost anything from house hold products to daily usage goods, and clothing, electronic items etc. Almost all day to day products are manufactured by China today. (Oblad, 2009) Both the governments of Hong Kong and China should encourage the development of those industries in which they have a comparative advantage so that their exports should flourish and trade among them would increase. China should rely on its clothing industry, low cost electronic items and daily products from battery cells to laptops to sell them at a cheap rate to Hong Kong and attract people from there as Hong Kong relatively has a high cost of living as compared to Mainland China. (China Global Trade). The Government of Hong should play a proactive role in development of Demonstration Industry as Hong Kong does have an advantage over China in this sector. People from China can visit Hong Kong for Demonstrations for human rights, etc. and in exchange Hong Kong can take rent from Chinese people for these demonstrations. There are a lot of books which are not allowed to be published in Mainland China and thus Hong Kong can produce these books with its growing Publishing Industry. Also, the people of China can have as many children they want in Hong Kong as there is no restriction as such one-child-policy of China in Hong Kong. The Government of Hong Kong will take care of raisin g the child but Chinese do have to pay fees obviously. Â  The cultural experience tourism industry also offers to Chinese the books, newspapers, movies, and websites that are banned in China. Thus both the countries could benefit by focusing on their comparative advantages (Xanga. 2012). The Government

Requirements For Effective Business Writing Essay

Requirements For Effective Business Writing - Essay Example Conciseness refers to the ability of a person to use necessary and summarized words to address a particular problem. This element is mandatory in business writing. In addition, the audience intended for a piece of information dictates the form of conciseness that may be used by the writer. When writing to managers one should be as concise as possible. In addition, one should ensure the summary of their words addresses effectively the intent of the information provided. However, conciseness may be limited when relaying information to fellow employees. Additionally, the information may include instructions and details must be included. Information provided to the authority is mostly requests and recommendations which should be concise and necessary. For example, when addressing my department head the body of my letter may just include, â€Å"Kindly note that there is a deficit in the finances provided to enable my project competition. Kindly consider increasing the financial contribut ion†. The connection between the intended audience and the organization in business writing bear similar significance. In the organization setting, there is a large quantity of information conveyed on a daily basis. For instance, memos are addressed to specific audiences in the organization to which the information is relevant. In addition, the person from whom a message is from should be included. The provision of information to authoritative should be addressed with titles. For instance, I may write.

Statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personal Statement Example Since it is known to have a great track, as well as a real football field, it has even featured on an album cover that was of Running with Scissors. Santa Monica College is also well known to have a public radio station that broadcasts all over Los Angeles with over 450,000 listeners, and its newspaper that is available both in print and online as well. It goes by the name The Corsair and has taken several awards over the time as well as the award for General Excellence. Having all of this information in mind, it would be wise to join Santa Monica College and major in Marketing and Engineering. It would be an honor to study in an institution that is known to bring out very talented actors and actresses, as well as great men and women in the society. Santa Monica College also has number one transfers to higher institutions. These include the University of Southern California, Loyola Marymount University and the University of California. Getting a transfer to the University of Southern California would be a great choice for me. Santa Monica Junior College has transfers to these kinds of universities because it is also known to produce individuals of substance. The Western Association of Schools and Colleges accredits this institution for being such a great college. It is a great institution where all kinds of students from all walks of life and from whichever race whether Asian, White, Black or Hispanic can school in without any stress or disturbance. These are among the many reasons why Santa Monica College would be an ideal school to enroll in once one completes their high school education. It has good and trained professional tutors who mostly also happen to have schooled in the same institution. These lecturers are of high value and guarantee professionalism. One could never go wrong when it comes to choosing Santa Monica Junior College as their college of choice. Aside from

Week 4 DisscussionQ&A Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 DisscussionQ&A - Assignment Example unity psychiatric health medics are reluctant to medicate the offenders, resulting to let them stay in jails (Draine, Solomon, & Meyerson, 1994 as cited in Lamb & Weinberger, 1998). This is also because of inefficient psychiatric personnel and available facilities (Moras, 2004). The best approach to cure them is to stipulate an effective framework of facilities, which secure staff, and criminal law and psychiatric health personnel integrate. Consistent medication is significant to alleviate the state. The discharge plan should comprise hospitalization, so the offender can reinvigorate by regular monitoring and consumptions of healthy foods, rest and exercise. Family support is the most significant notion to help these offenders recover immediately (â€Å"How is Psychosis† 2007). Question #2. Imagine you have been hired by a prison to develop and implement a sex offender treatment program. Following your development and implementation, you will be the continuing coordinator at this prison. Discuss how you would design such a program, taking into account the challenges of treating this population and approaches that have been found to be beneficial. Be detailed and specific in your answers. As a program coordinator, I should include the concept of morale into the general aspect of the treatment program. Two of the therapeutic approaches that I would adopt are cognitive-behavioral and psycho-educational approaches. Cognitive-behavioral approach may refer to revitalizing the offenders thought about their sexual behavior. This can be done by altering their sexual aspects such as letting them know how a person reacts after a relative incident happens. Psycho-educational approach may be instilled with Godly messages, and empower His words to alter and develop empathy for the victim and be accountable for the offender’s actions (Bureau of Justice Assistance, n.d.). Lastly, the pharmacological approach utilizes medication to diminish sexual reaction of the offenders

How the World Trade Organization (WTO) Impacts Intellectual Property Essay

How the World Trade Organization (WTO) Impacts Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example Finally, economics affects the governments by determining a nation’s financial resources needed in the sustenance of the country’s requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body charged with the responsibility of regulating trade between the different countries engaged in trading activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between the different domestic policies in existent, in the different nations (Kroll, 1999). Intellectual property rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities on an international level (Kroll, 1999). This is because of the differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of this right from one person to another. The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules used in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). †¢Compare and contrast f ree trade and protectionist theories Free trade is a product of capitalism which replaced the once popular mercantilism (Craig, 1994). Through the recognition of individual rights to own and dispose of property, capitalism thrived. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade thus free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage meaning both parties benefit from the trade interactions (Craig, 1994). Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on supply and demand which governs the prices and availability of the goods and services (Craig, 1994). However, comparative advantage, demand and supply do not guarantee fair trade. Nonetheless, free trade is a charitable foundation on which competitive markets thriv e. It is easy for states and individuals to accumulate wealth and gunner profits from exporting and importing when they practice free trade (Craig, 1994). Protectionist theorists, on the other hand, criticize capitalism and the principle of free trade. Like mercantilism, protectionist theories hold that the government’s control on the importation, exportation and other forms of foreign trade is imperative and extremely beneficial to the nation and individuals (Craig, 1994). Through policies such as tariffs, import quotas export subsidies and exchange rates; the government controls the processes of importation and exportation. Some states even impose embargoes on individuals and firms (Craig, 1994). These protectionist principles have one significant benefit. They favor domestic trade through increased domestic demand and expansion of domestic industries. Elements of protectionism also protect a state against predatory pricing and may subsequently lower the chances of inflatio n in an economy (Craig, 1994). In view of international trade, firms, individuals and governments prefer the distributional effect to the aggregate effect of a policy or strategy (Craig, 1994). When it comes to free trade, the result will be a net gain. On the other hand, restricted trade encompasses net loss. Therefore, most economies prefer designer strategies to a strictly outlined one. Free trade is the â€Å"

Concept of surface area of a cube Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concept of surface area of a cube - Essay Example When the bottom is joined to the sides, all four edges can be glued at the same time. That is, the bottom counts as one seam. After the bottom and sides are assembled, the top will be attached. Part 1 - The prerequisite skills necessary to complete this problem; Guiding the students so that they can calculate how many sheets of plywood must be used and determine how many solid seams must be made The prerequisites for this task include recognition of the cube and knowledge of its properties, and the concept of surface area in general. This in turn expects that the students have previously dealt with the concept of the square and flat area in earlier classes so that they can now grasp the concept of the surface area of the cube. The skills required are the ability to measure in feet, derive formulae, and perform simple addition and multiplication calculations related to working out areas, the time taken to complete a project, and the cost of materials. Besides this is the simple ability to compare quantities required at the final stage. They must also be familiar with the concept of 3 dimensions as found in objects around us; that there is a third measure of depth/height besides length and breadth of two dimensional objects and drawings. And, appreciate how we can use (apparently) two-dimensional materials (the plywood sheets) to construct three-dimensional objects (the cube shaped bin). Students should recognize that the number of pieces that need to be cut corresponds to the six faces of the cube. To account for the thickness of the sheets and allow the seams of edges to be made, four of these parts will have shorter dimensions than the 3 ft. x 3 ft. dimensions of the first two parts (from the first sheet for the top and bottom sides). Given the information contained in part 2 of the notes, the students should be aware how only 5 seams need to be made. The cube has 12 edges in total and two meet to form a seam except that in some cases more

California, Eames house Essay Example for Free

California, Eames house Essay Constructed in 1949 in pacific palisades, California, Eames house is a landmark of mid-twentieth century modern architecture. It was owned by design pioneers, husband and wife, Charles and Ray Eames. The Eames’ gracious live-work life- style continues to be an influential model. ( Eames house) The design of the house was proposed for a case study house program for Art and Architecture magazine. The idea was to hypothesize a modern household, elaborate its functional requirements, have an architect design the home, use modern materials and construction processes, and then actually build the home. The Eames’ proposal reflected their own household and their own needs, a young married couple wanting to live, work and entertain in one undemanding setting in harmony with the site. (Eames house) A site near the coast, on Pacific Palisades, once a part of private estate was selected. The initial design proposed consisted of a raised steel and glass box projecting out of the slope. According to the final design, the house was tucked into the slope with a concrete wall on the uphill side. A mezzanine level was added, making use of pre-fabricated spiral stair that was to be the lower entrance. The upper level holds the bedrooms and overlooks the double height living room. A courtyard was also introduced, separating the residence from the studios. The revised scheme only required one additional beam. The 17 feet tall facade is broken down into a rigidly almost Mondrianesque composition brightly colored panels between thin steel columns and painted black. The entry door is marked with a gold leaf panel above. The row of eucalyptus trees was preserved along the exposed wall of the house, providing a visual contrast to the bold facade of the house. The Eames house is considered the most successful both as an architectural statement and as a comfortable, functional living space. ( Eames house) Works-cited page Eames House, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 6-12-2006, Retrieved on 10-12-2006 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eames_House

Marries Is Better Than Being Single Essay Example for Free

Marries Is Better Than Being Single Essay There are lots of discussion and arguments about to being single or getting married nowadays. The new generation might not willing to bound into marriage life and they wish to remain in single life so they can have more privacy, freedom and the commitment of   responsibilities. However, marriage is union ordained by God and it is also a wonderful union of two people in love. It is unique, opposite-sex union with legal, social, economic and spiritual dimensions. Getting married does bring a lot of advantages to a person either family. The biggest advantage for getting married is emotional stability. Married people treat their own family as shelter and they can feel secure and relax when staying together with their family. Family provides a peace and comfort zone for those married people to restore their energy. Marriage can helps the couple to become more tolerant, unselfish, caring and more responsible. Its provide a chances for the husband and wife to grow with and sharing their life’s challenges, rewards and sorrows with a person who actually knows and understand what you going through and feels the same frequency. There are a lots of difficulties have to learn by marriage people as that is not easiest to living with someone for the rest of their life. They have to overcome all the problems facing by them and to learn how to take care of others feeling, patience, emotion control, temper, time management and attitude towards their family. In a marriage life, there are always someone’s to hear your companions. It is good to have someone there to have a share, to bounce ideas or to have a witty exchange of remarks. Companionship among the married peoples also offers support and can be particularly important at times of trouble or stress. At such times, married people have distinct advantages over being single. The other advantage for marriage is that allows couples to pool their both incomes to share the cost of living and debts, save more money for retirement and doing investment. The married people can also sharing a house, car and food so they can enjoy save cost for basic living conditions compare with a single person. Therefore, people who are married become less poverty but more wealth and their money goes further. It is because, they tend to specialize, exchange, and share roles and functions in ways to generate higher earnings, encourage savings, helping each other’s to restrain from impulse spending, and generally leave the family financially better off. Marriage can also leads to better health and greater longevity for people. There are more likely to enjoy better physical health. The spouses are intimately aware of and impacted by their spouse’s choices. In a sense, couples have a significant vested interest in watching out for one another and encouraging healthy choices and behaviour. For example, the wife might not allow her husband drinking, smoking or other unnecessary risk-taking and also control his weights. Compared to single, divorced or widowed people, the married people experience less depression, anxiety, and other types of psychological distress. Besides, the married people will have active, satisfying and safety sex lives compared with single people. The married people tend to have more sex because it costs them less in time, money and psychic energy. They have find it more satisfying because their sex partner is more available, less distracted, more eager and more secure and able to please. The higher levels of satisfaction for married couples is related to the fact that marriage adds meaning to the sexual act because it symbolizes a union that is based on sexual fidelity, stronger commitment and emotional intimacy. It had increased their commitment and their sense of responsibility, and had generally strengthened their relationships. In addition, the married life can brings greater safety towards the married people and expand their social network. It’s because, the married people have companion to visit places together, visit friends or holiday together. For the single person, that is far more difficult as often modern social life is geared around couples and the single person can often feel left out or sometimes, simply not invited. At times, perhaps, having children might seem to impede their social life but it just brings a change in your social life and much of that social life involves being with your children. Lastly, married people will create a family with a new and challenging life instead of boring life compared with single people. Families are created and held together by the lifelong commitment of a man and a woman who live cooperatively and raise and nurture the children born to them. Families are the building block essential to the formation of a community, and strong social structure arises from the foundation many families provide. A thriving society and culture depend on stable marriages. For example, as marriage declines in a culture,  the state must spend more money and care for children who less of the financial stability with divorce family background. Strong marriages statuses are at the heart of thriving family and community. In conclusion, getting married is better than being single as there married leads to emotional stability, financial stability, train the couples become more independent and responsible, better health and greater longevity, have wonderful sexual life, easy to expand social networks and have a new challenging life instead of boring life compared to single people. Getting married is not an easy but it does bring a lot of meaningful to individuals, family and the community.

How Did Transportation Change During Industrial Revolution?

How Did Transportation Change During Industrial Revolution? How did Transportation Change During the Industrial Revolution? The world had gone through two industrial revolutions. The first revolution began in the 1700s. And the second revolution happened in the 1860s. Both of the revolutions were the most important periods in the history of human society because they influenced almost every aspect of life and especially brought the world entirely new kinds of transportations. Steam engine, waterway, road, and railroad experienced mainly improvement during the first revolution, and the second revolution brought the inventions of automobile and airplane; both they played an essential role in the development of transportation in history. The steam engine was one of the most vital components that had been invented during the first industrial revolution. It contributed a lot to the improvement of transportation. Thomas Newcomen was the first person who invented the steam engine. However, the use of the steam engine was expensive and not efficient. (World History textbook) Until 1765, James Watt, one of the greatest contributors to transportation, reformed the steam engine to be more efficient and consume less fuel by adding a separate condenser to Newcomen’s engine. Watt’s improvement had saved almost 75 percent of the fuel that had previously been used by the engine. (Kendra Bolon) After the improvement, the steam engine had been used broadly on the other transportations, such as steam ship and steam locomotive. The steam engine not only improved the way of transporting, but also the quality of life. For example, people could travel by taking locomotive and steam ship. Moreover, they could enjoy the life by watching the landscape during the trip. Therefore, the steam engine was the most incredible transportation in the world. Roads, canals, and railways were three major components of transportation improved during the first industrial revolution. People used the roads as the basic way to transport the goods from one place to another. Roads were in very bad repair before the first revolution, and it were not efficient for people to transport goods. (World History textbook) John MacAdam, Thomas Telford, and John Metcalfe all developed the new roads construction techniques. Thomas Telford made new foundations in roads with large flat stones. John MacAdam equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones; therefore, people could transport goods on a rainy day. Canal was another vital part of transportations, which allowed goods to be transported through a series of man-made waterways. Transporting goods by canal lowered the risks of smashed products during route. Moreover, a canal barge could carry more products than the other forms of transportation during that time. Canal also cost less money for transporting merchandise. For the reason of transporting heavy goods from place to place, the improvement of railway began in 1800, which made a great leap in transporting technology in human history. The improved steam engine led the running locomotive with properly powered technique of rolling. The improvement of railways allowed the towns and cities to grow rapidly. In the mid-18th, Abraham Darby made a plate way of cast iron on top of rails that allowed the furnaces working and able to lift the iron plate. In 1789, William Jessop developed an â€Å"L† shaped rail which held the wagon on the track. Goods could be transferred within a short amount of time, which helped to foster the agricultural and fishing industries. The locomotive was capable of transporting triple amount of goods compared to the horse-pulled wagons. (Mrs. Abiah Darby) The improvement of road, canal, and railway changed the way of transporting, the amount and distance of transporting goods increased significantly and affected how people lived accordingly. The automobile and airplane were the two most incredible forms of transportations that were been invented during the second industrial revolution in the 1860s. Automobile was crucial form of transportation since it affected the whole world. The automobile was first invented by Karl Benz in 1886. Later on, in 1908, Henry Ford made the automobile affordable for people by introducing the assembly line. (World History textbook) Automobile enabled people to go anywhere they wanted to at any time. It’s the most convenient tool for people to move. As for the other important invention, airplane, was built in 1903 by Wilbur and Orville Wright. (World History textbook) Around 400 BC, Archytas was reputed as the first person designed and built the first self-propelled flying device. While the Wright brothers made the first successful try to carry a man rose by airplane. The first airplane flew naturally at even speed, and descended without damage. Although the flight lasted only 59 seconds, it marked an important start of the aircraft industry. The appearance of automobile changed the whole world entirely in that it provided a convenient and affordable way to transport and move for people. The creation of airplane broadens the scope and distance of the transportation, which may transports passengers and goods across continents and land. These two inventions both brought significant influence to people. In conclusion, during the first and second industrial revolutions, transportation had gone through dramatic change and improvement. It not only brought effective and efficient way of transporting, but also influenced and shaped people’s life, almost every aspect in people’s daily life. With the advance of technology, transportation progressed. The steam engine led to the application of locomotive and steamboat, which increased transporting capacity and thus facilitated more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. Trade expansion was fostered by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The invention of automobile grounded the basic way of transportation for people while the airplane provided a faster way from place to place. The first and second industrial revolution marked a turning point in human history, and transportation played a vital role affecting people’s life socially and economically. Bibliography: Bolon, Kendra. The Steam Engine. N.p.: Kendra Bolon, 2001. N. pag. http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/ . Web. Bustamante, Crystal. Transportation during the Industrial Revolution. N.p.: Crystal Bustamante, 2009. N. pag. Web. 26 Jan. 2009. Bulter, Scott, Keats, Thedawnbringer, Hedleygb, and Peter. How has transport changed since the Industrial Revolution? N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. Industrial revolution research. N.p.: HTML5 UP, n.d. N. pag. Web.v Mack, Pamela E. Transportation. N.p.: n.p., 2002. N. pag. Web. 27 Sept. 2002. Roads, Canals and Railways the Transport revolution. N.p.: n.p., UK. N. pag. Web. 2013. The Industrial Revolution: 1750-1900. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. KCCIS. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Transportation. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.

Rumors in Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay example -- James Baldw

Rumors When students across the United States study the 1940’s, one main topic is focused on, World War II. Students learn that during the forties, Europe was war torn and America sent its troops overseas to fight in some of the most infamous battles of the twentieth century. But what is left out of history lessons is what was going on American soil when the battles across the ocean were raging on. This decade was a racially charged time in American history, even though this fact is over shadowed by the Nazis of Germany in history books. Several race riots occurred in the forties. Even though they were equal in violence to the riots of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties, many Americans forget the riots of the forties. The biggest and bloodiest race riot of the 1940’s took place in Detroit, Michigan, in June of 1943. Several publications covered the riots, and none of the printed facts ever matched up until years later. This rioting resulted from a rumor that flow ed through city streets. The rumor and the riot that it caused destroyed an entire city and many human lives. James Baldwin emphasizes the historical significance of rumors and uses this theme in his essay, â€Å"Notes of a Native Son,† to highlight the struggle toward equality. On June 21, the city of Detroit exploded as racial tensions finally reached their boiling point. Various news organizations, such as Time and Newsweek, covered the story. At the time of the riots, none of the reported accounts of the uprising matched. The most disputed facts were the discrepancies regarding why the riot started, the number of deaths and injuries, and the exact time the riot began. Yet, most news sources reported that around six hundred people were taken into cu... ...etimes these tensions exploded into riots, as in Detroit. Printed sources of the time recorded bits and pieces of varying data and left out other information. The public was finally beginning to become conscious of the racial inequalities in American cities. In addition, James Baldwin provided future generations a view of the injustices of the time. Works Cited Brown, Earl. "The Truth About the Detroit Riot." Harper's Magazine Nov. 1943: 488-498. "Deep Trouble." Time 28 Jun. 1943: 19. Momboisse, Raymond M. Riots, Revolts and Insurrections. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Person's Index: Facts On File. 3 vols. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1943. "Riotous Race Hate." Newsweek 28 Jun. 1943: 42-43. Rumors in Baldwin's Notes of a Native Son Essay example -- James Baldw Rumors When students across the United States study the 1940’s, one main topic is focused on, World War II. Students learn that during the forties, Europe was war torn and America sent its troops overseas to fight in some of the most infamous battles of the twentieth century. But what is left out of history lessons is what was going on American soil when the battles across the ocean were raging on. This decade was a racially charged time in American history, even though this fact is over shadowed by the Nazis of Germany in history books. Several race riots occurred in the forties. Even though they were equal in violence to the riots of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties, many Americans forget the riots of the forties. The biggest and bloodiest race riot of the 1940’s took place in Detroit, Michigan, in June of 1943. Several publications covered the riots, and none of the printed facts ever matched up until years later. This rioting resulted from a rumor that flow ed through city streets. The rumor and the riot that it caused destroyed an entire city and many human lives. James Baldwin emphasizes the historical significance of rumors and uses this theme in his essay, â€Å"Notes of a Native Son,† to highlight the struggle toward equality. On June 21, the city of Detroit exploded as racial tensions finally reached their boiling point. Various news organizations, such as Time and Newsweek, covered the story. At the time of the riots, none of the reported accounts of the uprising matched. The most disputed facts were the discrepancies regarding why the riot started, the number of deaths and injuries, and the exact time the riot began. Yet, most news sources reported that around six hundred people were taken into cu... ...etimes these tensions exploded into riots, as in Detroit. Printed sources of the time recorded bits and pieces of varying data and left out other information. The public was finally beginning to become conscious of the racial inequalities in American cities. In addition, James Baldwin provided future generations a view of the injustices of the time. Works Cited Brown, Earl. "The Truth About the Detroit Riot." Harper's Magazine Nov. 1943: 488-498. "Deep Trouble." Time 28 Jun. 1943: 19. Momboisse, Raymond M. Riots, Revolts and Insurrections. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Person's Index: Facts On File. 3 vols. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1943. "Riotous Race Hate." Newsweek 28 Jun. 1943: 42-43.

Nuclear Waste Disposal Essay -- Radiation Pollution Papers

Nuclear Waste Disposal As the millenium approaches, we are faced with the problems created by our technological advances. Everyday we are forced to see the results, from acid rain to polluted beaches. But there is one problem in particular that will probably out-live our generation and the generation which has created it. If properly contained and monitored, it has little affect on us and our environment. However, once it is free of it's containment, it is a destructive and deadly force. This problem is nuclear waste. Thirty thousand metric tons of spent fuel rods from power reactors and another 380,000 cubic meters of high level radioactive waste, have been produced in the United States since the beginning of the nuclear age. Presently, these fuel rods are stored at the nuclear reactors in water filled basins and accumulate at the rate of six tons per day (Whipple, 1996). As the populataion increases, so does the demand for electricity. If we continue relying on nuclear power to provide our electricity, we will continue producing more and more nuclear waste. Greater use of nuclear power and volumes of waste mean a greater chance of accidental release of radiation into the environment. Radiation How it is produced How does radiation in our environment affect us? In order to understand how radiation affects us, we first must understand how it is produced. Fission is the initial step. It is the splitting of uranium or plutonium atoms which produces radioactive "fission fragments" and "activation products" (Bertell, 1985). These products then ionize normal atoms, which leads to a sort of domino affect microscopically. This chain reaction can also cause activation products to be produced by causing chemicals in the air,... ... 1982. http://www.public.iastate.edu/smevela/policy.html. Glasstone, Samuel and Jordan, Walter H. (1980). Nuclear Power and It's Environmental Effects. LaGrange Pk., IL: American Nuclear Society. Liptkin, R. (1995). New Glass Could Store Unused Plutonium. Science News. 148 (23). pp374. Lipschutz, Ronnie D. (1980). Radioactive Waste: Politics, Technology, and Risk. Cambridge, Massachussesetts: Ballinger Publishing Company. Nadis, Steven. (1996). The Sub-Seabed Solution. The Atlantic Monthly. 278(4). pp28-30, 38. St. Joe Valley Greens. (1997). Nuclear Waste Transportation Map. http://users.michiana.org/greens/editorial/transpor.htm. Whipple, Chris G. (1996). Can Nuclear Waste Be Stored Safely at Yucca Mountain?. Scientific American. 274(6). 72-79. Wright, Richard T. (1989). Biology Through the Eyes of Faith. New York: Christian College Coalition.

Vietnam War :: essays research papers

The Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was the longest war in America's history of involvement. Twenty years of hell, land mines, cross-fire, and death. Vietnam was divided by the Geneva Accord. The north being communist run by Ho Chi Minh. The south being anti-Communist run by Ngo Dinh Diem. Before Vietnam was separated, it was run by France. France had ruled most of Indochina since the late 1800s. The Vietnamese were unhappy with the way the French were controlling, therefore, many of them took refuge in China. When in China, they began to follow the lead of Ho Chi Minh, who wanted to model the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence as that of the U.S. version. In the 1940s, Japan had taken over Vietnam which upset Ho Chi Minh and his revolutionaries when they had returned a year later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After returning, Minh had help from the Vietminh; an organization of communist that wanted freedom from other countries. Their main goal was to turn Vietnam into a self-governed communist country. France wanted none of this non-sense. In 1945 they had moved back into southern Vietnam and ruled most of the cities. Ho Chi Minh swore to fight France to gain control of the whole country. U.S. promised to aid France, and sent almost $15 million worth of financial aid to France. The French fought for four years, being financially aided by the U.S. the whole time. The U.S. spent nearly one billion dollars in order to help France regain control of the tiny country. The only reason that much effort was put into a small area was the fear of the y. Domino Theory. The Domino Theory first showed it's head during a 1954 news conference by U.S. President Eisenhower. The domino theory is the fear of the spread of communism from one country to the next, and so on. Even with the as sistance of the U.S. France could not gain the control it once had on Vietnam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When president of south Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem decided that the election of 1956 should be canceled, America strongly agreed so that Minh could not gain control of the whole country. Diem was a Catholic, which angered the country consisting mostly of Buddhist. In opposition to Diem, a new regime was conjured up in south Vietnam called the Vietcong. Vietcong were residents of South Vietnam who were in favor of the communist rule in North Vietnam.

Final Exam Solved Essay

Hahn Company uses the percentage of sales method for recording bad debts expense. For the year, cash sales are $300,000 and credit sales are $1,200,000. Management estimates that 1% is the sales percentage to use. What adjusting entry will Hahn Company make to record the bad debts expense? 2) Using the percentage of receivables method for recording bad debts expense, estimated uncollectible accounts are $15,000. If the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $3,000 credit before adjustment, what is the amount of bad debts expense for that period? 3) Intangible assets. Intangible assets are the rights and privileges that result from ownership of long-lived assets that 5) The book value of an asset is equal to the 6) Gains on an exchange of plant assets that has commercial substance are 7) Ordinary repairs are expenditures to maintain the operating efficiency of a plant asset and are referred to as 8) Costs incurred to increase the operating efficiency or useful life of a plant asset are referred to as 9) When an interest-bearing note matures, the balance in the Notes Payable account is 10) The interest charged on a $200,000 note payable, at a rate of 6%, on a 2-month note would be. If a corporation issued $3,000,000 in bonds which pay 10% annual interest, what is the annual net cash cost of this borrowing if the income tax rate is 30%? 12) Hilton Company issued a four-year interest-bearing note payable for $300,000 on January 1, 2011. Each January the company is required to pay $75,000 on the note. How will this note be reported on the December 31, 2012 balance sheet? 13) A corporation issued $600,000, 10%, 5-year bonds on January 1, 2011 for 648,666, which reflects an effective-interest rate of 8%. Interest is paid semiannually on January 1 and July 1. If the corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium, the amount of bond interest expense to be recognized on July 1, 2011, is 14) When the effective-interest method of bond discount amortization is used 15) If a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as 16) Capital stock to which the charter has assigned a value per share is called 17) ABC, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. What is the annual dividend on the preferred stock? 18) Manner, Inc. Has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 20,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. There were no dividends declared in 2010. The board of directors declares and pays a $45,000 dividend in 2011. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2011? 19) When the selling price of treasury stock is greater than its cost, the company credits the difference to 21) Marsh Company has other operating expenses of $240,000. There has been an increase in prepaid expenses of $16,000 during the year, and accrued liabilities are $24,000 lower than in the prior period. Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, what were Marsh’s cash payments for operating expenses? 22) Where would the event purchased land for cash appear, if at all, on the indirect statement of cash flows? 23) In performing a vertical analysis, the base for cost of goods sold is 24) Blanco, Inc. has the following income statement (in millions): Using vertical analysis, what percentage is assigned to Net Income? 25) Dawson Company issued 500 shares of no-par common stock for $4,500. Which of the following journal entries would be made if the stock has a stated value of $2 per share? Andrews, Inc. paid $45,000 to buy back 9,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock. This stock was sold later at a selling price of $6 per share. The entry to record the sale includes a 27) Which of the following is a fundamental factor in having an effective, ethical corporate culture? 28) Two individuals at a retail store work the same cash register. You evaluate this situation as 29) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposed which new penalty for executives? 30) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that all publicly traded companies maintain a system of internal controls. Internal controls can be defined as a plan to

The Ocean

Why do I do it? Why do I scare myself with the ocean†¦? It is true, it is merciless, literally; it’s not conscious, so it has no feelings, no remorse, no pity, no awareness. It would be wrong to say it is inanimate, because it is certainly animate. And not alive, yet contains so much life within it might as well be. Like a Frankenstein body filled with cells and bacteria and nerve impulses yet no consciousness. My worst nightmare – I don’t have it very often but it’s a strong one – can take a variety of forms and happen in a variety of places: it’s being overwhelmed by a tsunami.I sat watching one of the biggest waves in the world – at Teahupoo – with my friend, a psychologist. I asked her what a psychologist would say that fear of a tsunami meant. â€Å"I dunno. Probably something to do with your mother. Normally is, eh? †. But I can’t help thinking I’m also just simply scared of death by drowning. Why then do I travel by freighter ship, why then do I want to sail across the ocean in a tiny sail boat? Funnily, the tsunami dream never occurs at sea. It’s always the shore that is inundated. With that wall of approaching death. But the sea still scares me.As well it should. It is the only sensible reaction to be cautious of such a beast. I keep on wishing to anthropomorphise it. Should I? Cautious, yes†¦ but scared? I’m trying to work out is my fear rational or irrational. Do I think the sea, the ocean, symbolises something, someone? Do I think something – like the tsunami – is coming to get me? Or someone? Or is it myself that’s haunting me? Even here on the bridge, of a vast freighter ship, 150 feet above the calm dark waters of the Pacific, I worry. I am outside, I hear a horn. Was that ours, I ask?The watchmen say no maybe it was the radio. It wasn’t a radio. I check the radar – nothing. I skip outside again this time with bi noculars. Give me a man with binoculars over your electronic instruments. Or is it just my lack of faith? Faith in what? In technology? In buoyancy? In myself? Every time I stand at a railing I crouch slightly. I am secretly terrified that someone might come up behind me and just topple me in. Even during the day to drop off the side of this ship would be practically certain death. No doubt about it. You would be gone, gone, gone.No one would see. And by the time they noticed your absence at dinner they would never, ever find you. Maybe the worst thing is that I know the ocean could swallow this whole enormous ship and not care. Not even show a trace of where it had been. Two miles deep in a matter of hours. The first mate assures me, helpfully, that yes, that could happen. Sometimes, they break in two, he says. And sink in minutes. So helpful. Not what I expected or hoped for him to say. And maybe that’s another thing. That if you die in a car crash at least there’s a body.There’s something for your family to cry over, to mourn, there’s a proof that you existed. Die in the ocean and they’ll probably never find your body. Your life, and the physical proof of your existence, will both be gone at the same time. We like to think we would live on in other’s memories. But it would be nice to have a grave. And there’s no substitute for still existing. I never realised before: yes, I want to lie in a grave. I want to die in a bed, and then be put in a grave. An orchard, where I can turn into sweet apples. Don’t tell anyone.But here, I don’t belong. This is not where I came from. As beautiful as it is this place, under the moon, the light on the ocean (or is that glimmer some obstacle we are heading for a collision with? ) it is not our home. We are not returning to the ocean, because it’s not where we’re from. Our bodies know this. They are averse to the endless waters where we could be lost , forever, completely, and never nurture the lands of our home again. On the horizon there is lightning. We can see a long way here: we can see everything – so we see lightning striking on all sides.Far in the distance. Out here, this is the wilderness, the wildnerness that was always here, and always will be. So much the same, and yet it keeps changing. Yet never for the better – not for good. You can never truly know it, and never make it your home, not here; however good your bushcraft. On land, in the wilderness, you could find a cave, a tree, build a cabin, protect yourself from the elements. Former wildernesses are communities, pubs, shopping malls. But the sea will always be a wilderness. Simply enough to lay your nose and mouth in will kill you.Just imagine what a whole ocean of it could do. What if that lightning suddenly strikes, on all sides, the rain lashing down, the waves lapping up? Already every time a furniture fitting shudders I worry. I stop writing to judge our pitch, our roll, is everything okay? I think I’m becoming more like my mum. But what if that lightning animated the sea, struck, lit it up with its ferocious flash of energy and gave life to that unconscious Frankenstein body? It’s alive, and it’s all around us, it’s angry and wild and immense.The combination is overwhelming, impressive, and terrifying. It’s alive, it towers over you; it’s coming to get you. You wonder why it hasn’t got you already. What watery trickery these sailors have with their heavy keel, with their well-shaped hull: to cheat death and rob the sea of its would-be prize. But the sea doesn’t care. It is poised over you like a skyscraper, one that comes crashing down every few seconds. And it does that again. And again. And again. Every few seconds, on every side. For hours. And then it’s calm. And as quickly as the storm came it relinquishes you.After all, it doesn’t care, it†™s not a man, an intellect, or a vengeance. It’s not your subconscious. It’s just a storm. And all that you have to protect yourself from it – all that I have to protect myself from it – is not luck or fate or talismans or wishes or even hopes or life plans or dreams. Nor technology nor skill nor discipline nor toil nor anything earned. Only yourself – only myself. Relying on myself, knowing myself, trusting, completely, myself, my mind, my body, my thoughts, my actions. And maybe that is why the ocean is so so scary.

Sociology of Mass Media

Sociology of mass media – Advertising and democracy are connected. People are required by their political system to hold individual opinions. In addition, people look at the mass media for information on political matters. Therefore, they looked for information from the news, political debates, and political advertising so that they could evaluate their leaders and vote on public policy. – In covering a political campaign, the media choose which issues or topics to emphasize, thereby setting the campaign’s agenda.Therefore, the media create an agenda setting; the ability to affect cognitive change among individuals by telling people what to think about, not what to think. This would then influence Quebec voters’ decisions. – Political Advertising and campaign coverage would have an impact on Quebec voters in influencing their decisions by including these into their campaigns: †¢Patriotism: The ad stresses the candidate’s love of and serv ice to his/her country. †¢Gender: The ad presents the candidate as appropriately â€Å"manly† (or feminine) to make viewers trust him/her. Facts and Figures: The ad uses facts and statistics to support the candidate’s policies. †¢Issues: Reporters need to push for details on positions and ask tough questions on major issues, not accepting generalities. They need to bounce one candidate’s position off other candidates to create an intelligent discussion forum from which voters can make informed choices †¢Depth: On talk-show appearances, reporters need to offer something more than what voters can see and hear for themselves.Analysis and depth add a fresh dimension that is not redundant to what the audience already knows. †¢Inside coverage: reporters need to cover the machinery of the campaigns: who runs things and how, what history do they bring to a campaign. – Voters would be influenced by these presented campaign coverage and would us e these to make a decisive vote.

Comment on an Experience in Your Life Essay

I was a little worried writing about my mother because I thought it would seem like I was looking for sympathy, but I figured it was a good topic to write about because it had the largest effect on me. My goal became to write an essay that didn’t focus on the death or loss but on the change and growth that took place. Being active is something that has always been important to me, and I learned this from growing up with and observing an expert. My mother was more active and involved than anyone I have ever known. She had an endless energy for life, and love for my two brothers and me, and I have tried to be the kind of person that she was. The phrase on her headstone reads: â€Å"A joyous and boundless energy.† My mother was a highly respected kindergarten teacher for twenty years. In addition to working with children as a professional, she was always involved in my elementary school years, as a class mother or President of the PTO. In the summers there were more children, as we would go to sleepaway camp in Maine and she would be in charge of the youngest group of campers. She was always running, playing, consoling, planning, and caring for children. At home, she was just as active. I remember doing homework with her every night and she got so involved with it that she would practically do it for me, which I thought, at the time, was a pretty good thing. We were always going places, visiting friends, just learning, and there was never a dull moment. Though I didn’t know it consciously at the time, she was setting an example which I was bound to follow. Over seven years ago, my mother died after a long battle with melanoma. I was ten at the time, in fifth grade, and I suppose I didn’t really understand it all that well, or as well as my older brothers did. This essay is not about that loss or death, but on the change that took place. After she was gone, things were so drastically different, because there was so much dull time with nothing to fill it but thoughts. I think I learned from my mom about how to be active and I must have decided, subconsciously, to continue in her path. I saw how happy she and the rest of my family were, and I wanted to perpetuate that. Though it was a small beginning, I began the next year by becoming class president. I joined every club I could and participated in different sports. I wanted to do as many different things as I could. One of my memories of junior high was being busy every lunch period with meetings: the math team, student government, Junior National Honor Society. I was the this little tiny kid, the smallest in my grade, and I was always running around and talking. I remember being scolded many times for what I thought was having too much energy. I was always taught, by my mother, that energy was a good thing, and when it got me in trouble it was very confusing. I continued with this energy and involvement throughout my high school years. I come from a very small school, and that has had a positive effect in allowing me to explore many different activity options. I wouldn’t have been able to experiment the way that I did if I had come from a larger school. I found myself involved in athletics, student government and publications, community service, academic competitions, and drama productions. This experimentation allowed me to see what activities I liked the most, and it gave me a good idea of what I want to continue doing. I loved going to my high school and felt close to the 82 other students in my grade. I think I would like to pursue education at a small school which would allow me to continue to participate the way I have. I don’t think it really matters to me exactly what I am doing. I just want to be doing something. I want to be involved and be around people instead of just sitting home. I wouldn’t have had nearly as much fun if I hadn’t participated. I have met so many new people and had so many different experiences. I learned this from my mother and I think it’s a very important lesson. I like to think that my life, and all that I do, is part of a tribute to my mother’s legacy, and that I have inherited some of her â€Å"joyous and boundless energy.

Accounting Handout 7.1

Accounting Handout 7.1 Essay Assignment 8. 1 Handout 1. Internal controls are designed to safeguard assets, encourage employees to follow company policies, promote operational efficiency, and ensure accurate accounting records. Requirements R1. Which objective is most important? R2. Which must the internal controls accomplish for the business to survive? Give your reason. 2. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act affects public companies. Requirement R1. How does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act relate to internal controls? Be specific. 3. Separation of duties is a key internal control. Requirement R1. Explain in your own words why separation of duties is often described as the cornerstone of internal control for safeguarding assets. Describe what can happen if the same person has custody of an asset and also accounts for the asset. 4. There are 5 characteristics identified in the chapter as pitfalls of e-commerce. Requirement R1. List the 5 characteristics identified in the chapter as pitfalls of e-commerce. 5. Answer the following questions about the controls in bank accounts: Requirements R1. Which bank control protects against forgery? R2. Which bank control reports what the bank did with the customer’s cash each period? R3. Which bank control confirms the amount of money put into the bank? 6. The Cash account of Safe and Secure Security Systems reported a balance of $2,490 at May 31, 2011. There were outstanding checks totaling $500 and a May 31 deposit in transit of $300. The bank statement, which came from Tri Cities Bank, listed the May 31 balance of $3,360. Included in the bank balance was a collection of $680 on account from Ryan Saar, a Safe and Secure customer who pays the bank directly. The bank statement also shows a $20 service charge and $10 of interest revenue that Safe and Secure earned on its bank balance. Requirement R1. Prepare Safe and Secure’s bank reconciliation at May 31. 7. Review your results from preparing Safe and Secure Security Systems’ bank reconciliation in problem #6. Requirement R1. Journalize the company’s transactions that arise from the bank reconciliation. Include an explanation with each entry. 1 8. Diedre Chevis sells furniture for DuBois Furniture Company. Chevis is having financial problems and takes $500 that she received from a customer. She rang up the sale through the cash register. Requirement R1. What will alert Betsy DuBois, the controller, that something is wrong? . Review the internal controls over cash receipts by mail presented in the chapter. Requirement R1. Exactly what is accomplished by the final step in the process, performed by the controller? 10. A purchasing agent for Westgate Wireless receives the goods that he purchases and also approves payment for the goods. Requirements R1. How could this purchasing agent cheat his co mpany? R2. How could Westgate avoid this internal control weakness? 11. The following petty cash transactions of Lexite Laminated Surfaces occurred in August: Requirement R1. Prepare journal entries without explanations. 12. Gwen O’Malley, an accountant for Ireland Limited, discovers that her supervisor, Blarney Stone, made several errors last year. Overall, the errors overstated the company’s net income by 20%. It is not clear whether the errors were deliberate or accidental. Requirement R1. What should O’Malley do? 13. The following items could appear on a bank reconciliation: Requirement R1. Classify each item as (1) an addition to the book balance, (2) a subtraction from the book balance, (3) an addition to the bank balance, or (4) a subtraction from the bank balance. 2 14. Louise’s Dance Studio created a $200 imprest petty cash fund. During the month, the fund custodian authorized and signed petty cash tickets as follows: Requirement R1. Make the general journal entries to a. create the petty cash fund and b. record its replenishment. Cash in the fund totals $15, so $10 is missing. Include explanations. 15. Each of the following situations has an internal control weakness. Requirements R1. Identify the missing internal control characteristics in each situation. R2. Identify the possible problem caused by each control weakness. R3. Propose a solution to each internal control problem. 16. The April cash records of Donald Insurance follow: READ: Calculus EssayDonald Insurance’s Cash account shows a balance of $17,040 at April 30. On April 30, Donald Insurance received the following bank statement: 3 Additional data for the bank reconciliation: Requirements R1. Prepare the bank reconciliation of Donald Insurance at April 30, 2011. R2. Journalize any required entries from the bank reconciliation. 17. On November 1, Fab Salad Dressings creates a petty cash fund with an imprest balance of $400. During November, Sunny Lewis, the fund custodian, signs the following petty cash tickets: On November 30, prior to replenishment, the fund contains these tickets plus cash of $245. The accounts affected by petty cash payments are Office supplies expense, Travel expense, Delivery expense, Entertainment expense, and Inventory. Requirements R1. Explain the characteristics and the internal control features of an imprest fund. R2. On November 30, how much cash should the petty cash fund hold before it is replenished? R3. Journalize all required entries to create the fund and replenish it. Include explanations. R4. Make the December 1 entry to increase the fund balance to $450. Include an explanation, and briefly describe what the custodian does. 4

Patient Education in Diabetes Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Patient Education in Diabetes Care - Term Paper Example As previously mentioned, type II diabetes is on the rise in industrialized countries and therefore its management poses a significant problem to clinicians. As the disorder can be self-managed in a majority of cases, it can be useful to educate patients about the best way to approach their own health (Esden & Nichols, 2013). However, many patients may lack the knowledge or the expertise to really understand their disease and their health, meaning that many nurses feel that education could really be beneficial to diabetes patients managing their own care. The purpose of this study was to give sessions to eight diabetes patients who were willing to participate in diabetes in the hope that this would make them feel more in control of their outcomes and overall health. The research study gathered eight patients with informed consent for three group sessions about various topics concerning diabetes and health (Esden & Nichols, 2013). These were held monthly. The first and the last session were slightly longer as these had pre- and post-intervention tests to measure the patient’s knowledge about diabetes to see if the intervention was useful to them (Esden & Nichols, 2013). Additionally, several health measurements were taken (height, weight, blood pressure). The three assessment measures used were the Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test, the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, and the Diabetes Care Profile (Esden & Nichols, 2013). This type of method is good because it covers how the patients improved in their knowledge of diabetes over the time period, and the three scales used are clinically approved and recognized in the community. Results were analyzed using SPSS, another recognized tool, adding support to the results. Overall, all the participants showed a significant improvement on all three scales (Esden & Nichols, 2013). This suggests that these sessions could be useful in improving the knowledge of those with diabetes, which previous studies have shown to improve outcomes. This means that this type of session could have a huge impact on nursing practice if instated correctly.     

D&a-final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

D&a-final paper - Essay Example In Maurices words, his father, "made airplane parts and made money" (Official Barry Corbin Site). Maurice developed an early interest in flying because of a dinner guest who came to his home on Sundays and told stories of flying. Maurice talks favorably about his father but he does not have a lot to say about his mother. Not much is known about Maurices childhood because he did not talk about this in the first interview. He talks more about his accomplishments as though he was attempting to impress the counselor. He talks about his accomplishment in high school where he became an Eagle Scout and president of the Young Republicans Club. He also graduated as the Valedictorian of his class and began military training at Annapolis afterwards (Official Barry Corbin Site). He reports that he loved Boot Camp USMC, Parris Island because in his words, "you walked in one man and you walked out another" (Official Barry Corbin Site). Maurice has stayed the course of being a military man and this was a very important aspect of his life that gave him a structure that made sense to him. Maurice became a "fly boy" in the Korean War and is proud of the fact that he had 15 confirmed kills during that time. This was a very important period for him because he gained a level of self respect and became more of a man in his eyes. He eventually became an Astronaut and is now a multi-millionaire. Maurice had many endorsements and he had "plenty of women" because they liked to sleep with him because he was famous (Brand and Falsey, 1992). Maurice currently lives by himself in a large home outside Cicely. He has had a long-term relationship with a police officer, Barbara, who shares his love of the military and of guns. He has recently asked Barbara to marry him and she has accepted, though they have not set a date yet. Maurice states that Barbara is the only woman who he feels

The Greenhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Greenhouse Effect - Essay Example Different greenhouse gases have different capabilities to trap heat. Some of the gases can prevent more heat from escaping than an equivalent amount of Carbon dioxide. The warming effect of a methane molecule is 20 times more than a molecule of carbon dioxide. Chlorofluorocarbons and other gases have a thousand times of heat-trapping potential than carbon dioxide. However, the concentrations of these gases are much lower than carbon dioxide. Therefore, Carbon dioxide topples all greenhouse gases in warming the atmosphere. Natural sources of global warming gases are relatively few when compared to their human-made sources. They include volcanic eruption that releases sulfur-based gases, dump, and swamps that release methane, activities of soil bacteria, and oceans. Before the ushering in of industrialization, there was a balance between the production of carbon dioxide from natural sources and absorption of the same gas by natural sinks like forests and oceans. However, industrializat ion resulted in new sources of carbon dioxide without providing sinks to absorb the released gases. Therefore, there was an overall buildup of carbon (IV) Oxide in the air, and consequently, the accumulation is increasing with continued industrialization. The ultimate result of the greenhouse effect of global warming is a threat to human life and lives of other living things. Therefore, human beings need to realize that they should urgently solve this issue. Any delay and lack of seriousness will further endanger lives on planet earth.

Should Induced Abortion Be Prohibited To Protect Fetus' Human Rights Assignment

Should Induced Abortion Be Prohibited To Protect Fetus' Human Rights - Assignment Example In a global context we find that in 17 out of 18 nations polled around the world, majorities reject using criminal penalties, such as fines and imprisonment, as a means to prevent abortion. On average across all 18 countries, 52 percent favor leaving the matter of abortion to the individual, while 42 per cent think their government should try to discourage abortions. This shows exactly how heated the debate on induced abortion must be! When discussing induced abortion the most significant question that comes to mind is can we choose to kill unwanted pregnancies? Does the charter of human rights apply to humans after birth or as early as an embryo? Critics of abortion argue that since life begins at conception, abortion is next to murder as a human life is taken. They believe that abortion is in denial of the sanctity of human life. On the other hand supporters of induced abortion justify that almost all abortions occur in the first trimester when the fetus is entirely dependent on th e mother and thus cannot be claimed as a separate human being. Also as the fetus is part of the woman’s body it should be entirely her decision whether to go through childbirth or opt for abortion. People are divided into two groups; Pro-Life, inclusive of those people who advocate the protection of human embryos and fetuses and vote for the outlawing of abortion on the basis that is murder, and Pro-Choice, i.e. people who support the basic right of women to choose whether or not to continue pregnancy till childbirth. The single treaty that actually grants specific rights to foetuses is the American Convention on Human Rights of 1969, signed by 24 Latin American countries, which says that human rights begin at the moment of conception5. The United States of America has not signed this treaty. However this treaty does not enforce signatories to ban abortion, according to the most recent interpretation. Now let’s discuss abortion from a religious point of view. Religion indeed has the inclination to get involved in the majority of debates. Clerics are

Competitor Analysis and the Development of a Brand Assignment

Competitor Analysis and the Development of a Brand - Assignment Example ishwasher was widely accepted by the market with the result that Fairy could make way to launch further of its brand extensions which it did in the coming years. Fairy’s innovation appealed to the masses and its performance became anonymous with combating stubborn and burnt stains the best way (Datamonitor, 2011); fairy.co.uk, 2011; Superbrands.com). The promotions of the brand were strongly backed by Above the Line advertisements with celebrity endorsements to establish strong brand equity. As the brand moved into the future to meet the changing consumer tastes and preferences accordingly, Fairy’s packaging was changed to a transparent bottle which was easier to handle. After a massive success, Fairy Liquid was launched with a lemon scent. This was followed by Fairy non-bio laundry product for sensitive skin, anti-bacterial Fairy Liquid, Fairy Powerspray for tough burnt on stains. With these brand extensions, Fairy could cash in the revenue from every possible segment and sub-segment of liquid cleansers (Datamonitor Research Store. 2011); Datamonitor, 2011; fairy.co.uk, 2011; Superbrands.com). Fairy had and still has the advantage of a long-established equity along with a strong brand image with which it can tap into all the possible markets successfully through its brand extensions. Fairy currently operates in a mature market the product lifecycle of which has predominantly been extended by creating sub-segments of the dishwasher and sink sectors. Fairy has a whopping share of 57% in the sink washing sector and is second to Finish in the dishwasher category (Superbrands.com, Datamonitor, 2011). The launching of Fairy Active Burst and Active Powder Burst marks Fairy’s presence in both the categories of sink and dishwasher category. The brand extensions of Fairy Powerspray and Fairy Active Foam however can be considered as the most selling brand extensions. Following these developments, Fairy Active Foam was voted as the product of the year by the shoppers

Interest Groups and Their Role in American Politics Research Paper

Interest Groups and Their Role in American Politics - Research Paper Example A particular example of an interest group is the organization SAGE (Service and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Elders). . It is the largest and oldest organization in America devoted to promoting the welfare of LGBT senior citizens and make sure that their voices do not get lost in a cacophony of voices. SAGE formed itself in 1978 not only to deliver services to LGBT elders in New York City but also to push for policy reforms at the national level, and provides technical assistance to similarly-minded groups all over the country. It is not however a simple issue of sterile technical assistance. Considering the historical marginalization of LGBT communities and their susceptibility to the hate agenda of conservative groups, SAGE employs a radical organizing component as well (Reisch, 2005: 288) – that is to say, â€Å"the replacement of oppressive institutions, conditions, systems and practices with ones that reflect principles of justice, equity and respe ct for human diversity.† SAGE works in tandem with other organizations in order to further the shared goal. After all, theirs is a shared commitment towards addressing the needs and uplifting the well-being of LGBT elderly and pushing for equality and tolerance, regardless of age differences. It is through the consolidation of their voices that change can be sought and demands can be made to reform policies or introduce new ones. Coupled with this, SAGE is also following the strategy of pushing for their advocacy on three levels: city/local, state and federal level. This is a sound strategy in that it acknowledges that policy is generated in multiple fulcrums of power an if one is to push an agenda, then pressure tactics must be applied on the multiple fulcrums and not just one one. While interest groups are in theory a crucial component in any thriving democracy, many have criticized how some interest groups have created adverse effects in the American political terrain. Sust ein (1985: 29) writes: The dissatisfaction takes various forms, but many of the concerns have a common root in the problems produced by the existence of interest groups, or â€Å"factions†, and their influence over the political process. The scheme is challenged on the grounds that it allows powerful private organizations to block necessary government action; that the lawmaking process has been transformed into a series of accommodations among competing elites, and that the rise of a large bureaucracy exercising broad discretionary power has undermined original constitutional goals by circumventing the safeguards of separation